Any owner of suburban real estate seeks to ennoble the site so that it is multifunctional. In most cases, it all depends on its size. Quite often they are built and, which become a place for a great pastime for both adults and children. If the site does not have sufficient area, then you can build a pool on the roof of the house. Initially, it is worth understanding its types and functionality.

Example of a rooftop pool

Note. If a person owns an apartment on the top floor, then such a design can also be made on the roof of a high-rise building for a great vacation.

At the moment, such structures can be open, closed and covered.

They differ in functionality. For example, the pool can be completely enclosed, allowing you to enjoy swimming at any time of the year. The outdoor pools can only be used during the warmer months.
Important. Such structures will not be protected from debris and various precipitation entering the water. For this reason, they need to be cleaned regularly.

On the roof of the house you can build any pool. If this a private house, then it is worth considering during its construction the possible loads on the base of the building and its supporting structures.

Finished project of the pool on the roof of the villa

An indoor pool is more practical in its application.

It is partially closed and can also be used in warm weather. No need to waste your energy on cleaning it, because rain and debris will not get into it because of the canopy.

What can be pools by type of construction

There are different types of pools according to the type of construction: stationary, collapsible, inflatable.

Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Stationary pools on the roof of the house

It is impossible to say that this type of construction is most often built on the roof of a house. It has its own properties and a rather large mass. There is also its different depth, which depends on the free area inside the building.

These pools can be built-in and surface.

This is what the swimming pool looks like

The first type is mounted in a flat plane with a common platform, and the bowl of the structure is located inside the house. The second is built on the roof surface and has a certain height.

They are built from a monolith, foam blocks and bricks. At the same time, a large number of insulating and insulating materials are used.

To make such a pool on the roof of the house, it is necessary to initially draw up a design project, which takes into account all the parameters and calculates the required amount of materials.

The advantages of stationary pools include:

Read also

Projects for the construction of a bathhouse with a terrace and a barbecue

If the pool is closed, then the room is heated, and the structure can be used all year round. Quite often, special metal canopies covered with polycarbonate are constructed over stationary pools. It has excellent light transmission. Water under the influence of sunlight will heat up.

Important. In this design, you need to make ventilation passages. Otherwise, the warm air will create discomfort during your stay in the pool.

Arrangement of a stationary pool

Such a construction on the roof requires especially proper arrangement. So, it is necessary to carry out pipes for supplying water and draining. The protection of the entire structure from flooding depends on the quality of the sealing of their joints.

It is advisable to make a separate drain pit and a pipe with water supply for a stationary pool. Especially if the bowl has a large diameter.

Depth is selected first. Based on it, ladders are constructed for easier descent into and out of the water. As for materials, they should be practical. Preference is given to:

• Ceramic tiles;
• Ceramics;
• Glass mosaic.

These materials are durable and moisture resistant. Do not forget about the safety rules for arranging the pool and the area around it.

An example of a ceramic mosaic pool finish

If the stationary pool is built-in, then it is necessary to make high-quality insulation of its bowl. For this, special devices are used:

• Ruberoid in sheets;
• film;
• sealants and others.

Pipes are pre-conducted to the pool and checked for leaks. Be sure to insulate them if they are mounted on the roof surface. This will prevent them from freezing in winter, otherwise they will need to be replaced.

For supply and drainage of water, it is best to use plastic pipes of a certain diameter:

• For drains - 8–10 cm;
• For water supply - 5-6 cm.

The walls of the structure are laid out of brick or foam block. And you can make them monolithic. The last option would be the best. Formwork is preliminarily constructed from wooden boards, into which a concrete solution with a mesh of reinforcement is poured.

Similar actions are carried out for the construction of a surface-type structure.

Important. It is also necessary to improve the area around the pool so that excess water does not enter the roof and does not cause flooding of the house.

About 30-40 years ago buildings with flat roofs did not attract potential tenants, the cost of apartments in them was lower than in other houses. Residential buildings with a flat roof were inferior to houses with a gable roof. There was a particularly large difference between housing on the first and last upper floors. Everything was explained very simply - the poor quality of the roofs caused regular leaks. Now the situation has changed dramatically, and many wealthy homeowners equip pools on the roofs without any problems.

In the past, flat roofs leaked for two reasons:

• irresponsibility of performers. It is no secret that not the best representatives of the working class worked in the ZhEKs, more than one comedy was filmed on this topic and more than one feuilleton was written;
• lack of reliable roofing materials. To seal flat roofs, ordinary bitumen and roofing felt were used. Bitumen is very afraid of ultraviolet radiation, at negative temperatures it loses plasticity and hardens. The roofing material was made on the basis of ordinary cardboard, the protective impregnation is also bituminous, the strength and durability indicators are unsatisfactory.

Poor quality of built-up roofing is the main cause of leaks

Even very experienced and responsible specialists could not make a high-quality durable coating with such dubious materials, not to mention the employees of the housing departments. As a result - regular leaks. And this despite the fact that they tried not to walk on such roofs, they placed a minimum of engineering communications on them. At present, the situation has changed radically.

Modern materials and technologies have made it possible to create a very durable coating on. They are completely sealed, have high mechanical strength, and do not react to harsh ultraviolet rays. The service life can be fifty years. Such high technical characteristics make it possible to place various objects on the roofs: walking areas, winter gardens, parking lots and swimming pools.

Roofing "TechnoNIKOL"

It should be noted that the regulatory requirements for pools are the most stringent, emergency situations can have extremely negative consequences. And this despite the fact that the construction technology provides options for quick and safe water drainage in case of unexpected breakthroughs and other emergencies.

The construction of rooftop pools should be provided for at the design stage of the house, it is forbidden to make such decisions spontaneously. And it's not just that a large volume of water can cause serious leaks. The main problem is different - pools create a significant additional load on ceilings, load-bearing walls and the foundation of the building. Such loads cannot be ignored and must be taken into account during the calculations of the main architectural components of the structure.

Types of pools by architectural design

When designing buildings with swimming pools, engineers provide several design options.

Table. Types of pools

Type of pools	Distinctive features and brief performance characteristics
	The pool and a small adjacent area around it are closed; for this purpose, light metal structures covered with tempered glass or polycarbonate are used. These structures are among the most expensive and prestigious; stationary pools are most often placed in such shelters. The facilities require high maintenance costs; not only significant volumes of energy carriers are needed, but also qualified maintenance personnel. They have the largest weight, create significant additional loads on all load-bearing elements of the structure.
	Above the plane of the pool, only a canopy is made, most often polycarbonate is used as a roofing material. They are used in the warm period, but there are options with heated water for all-weather use.
	Relatively cheap construction, construction takes much less time. Design solutions depend on the type of water bowl itself. Disadvantages - problems with maintaining water in the desired temperature parameters. In winter they are not operated, the water must be drained.
	Very complex structures, during construction, the most modern and high-quality waterproofing materials and technologies are required. For the creation, only specialized companies should be involved, they give a guarantee and incur compensation for material losses that have arisen due to a gross violation of building codes and regulations during the production of work. Such designs are most suitable for high-end apartment buildings, a bowl of water is placed on the surface of the roof or built into the body of the house.
	The average version of pools, both in terms of quality and reliability, and in terms of estimated cost. The frame is made of metal, special sealed plates hold water. There are options when elastic bowls are inserted into the frame. Pools can be completely or partially dismantled for the winter. Designs are practical, universal use, multiple use. At a cost much cheaper than stationary ones, they are easier to repair and maintain. Some models of frame pools have very complex maintenance equipment, only specially trained people can work with it.
	The simplest and cheapest options can be used both on specially prepared roofs and on ordinary ones. They have a relatively small weight, do not have a noticeable effect on the total load of the load-bearing nodes of the house. They have different sizes and volumes, it is possible to install units for water purification in automatic mode.

Each design has its own characteristics and requires a certain preparation of the roof. During the selection and installation, it must be remembered that if the technology of work is violated, the pools will cause serious problems not only for the roof, but also for the interior.

Step-by-step instructions for making a rooftop platform for a pool

Whatever type of pool you choose, it is recommended to install it on a specially prepared site. The size of the structure is 6 × 6 m, you should not do less, you will get not a pool, but a large bath.

Foundation concreting

Prices for cement and mixture bases

Cement and mixture bases

Step 1. Prepare the edging of the platform from metal, it is necessary to weld home-made T-profiles. Put one strip on the edge, the position must be chosen such that on one side there is 1/3 of the width of the lower strip, and on the other 2/3. Weld the rental. Work should be on level ground, follow the rules for welding. If the element is a little led, then you need to make a cut with a grinder, the beam will sit in place.

Step 2 Choose a specific location for the pool. This is a heavy structure, it should be placed above the bearing walls. If there is no plan of the premises, then it is necessary to examine the walls from the inside of the building. It is desirable that the slab under the pool rest on at least three load-bearing walls, choose a symmetrical position.

Step 3 Install formwork for pouring concrete from edged boards 25 × 150 mm, pour concrete. Allow at least two weeks for curing, remove formwork and install metal edging. It will not only strengthen the entire structure, but also prevent foot damage to the edges of the site.

Before installing the edging, it is necessary to lay a metal mesh to reinforce the structure. The fact is that in the future there will be a layer of bitumen on it, it is necessary to minimize the likelihood of various deformations and cracks, the protection must be intact and guarantee the complete impermeability of the roof.

Step 4 Fasten the metal edging to the site with a solution around the perimeter. Do not touch the side surfaces yet, they still need to be waterproofed.

Step 5 Weld metal bars about 25–30 cm long to the edging. Fix the metal bars to the vertical rods. Pre-drill the holes, drive them into the concrete, cut off the excess with a grinder.

This is an additional insurance against the displacement of the edging, it must be motionless under any load.

Important. If you are working on a ready-made coating, then you need to be very careful. Various construction debris can damage the roof, leaks will appear. Do not be lazy to immediately clean up after yourself, nothing should be lying under your feet.

The distance between the fasteners is approximately one meter. Further it is impossible, the strip is thin and can be deformed.

Step 6 Secure the harness against movement in the vertical direction. Drive in and weld the pins close to the edge of the strip, the distance between them is also about one meter.

Step 7 Install the first guide to level the top layer of concrete. The entire site will be filled with separate sections, the guide will then have to be displaced and installed in a new place.

Step 8 Start pouring concrete. The algorithm of actions is standard, the strength of concrete is not lower than M 200.

After the concrete is completely dry, treat the surface. Professionals strongly recommend doing this operation. The primer not only significantly increases the adhesion between the base and the roofing material, but also serves as a fairly reliable hydro-barrier. The solution is deeply absorbed into the concrete, an even hermetic layer is formed on the surface. It is protected from the negative effects of harsh UV rays by topcoats and lasts much longer than them.

Important. Work only in dry weather. Do not believe the manufacturers that the humidity of the surfaces does not affect the quality of the coating. Practice shows that it affects, and very strongly.

Installation of rolled roofing materials

Prices for roofing material

Ruberoid

The base is prepared for final waterproofing. Raise the burner, gas bottle and rolls of material to the roof.

Step 1. Lay the underlayment. For waterproofing work under pools, only high-quality materials should be used, a small amount of savings on them cannot be compared with possible losses. Attention should be paid not only to the type of modified bitumen, but also to the physical strength of the base. Fiberglass has the highest performance in this parameter. Never buy rolls based on non-woven fabric for these purposes. In terms of tensile strength, they are almost the same as ordinary cardboard. The only advantage of a non-woven base is that it is not afraid of moisture. Non-woven materials in their structure have nothing to do with the usual fabrics, they do not have strong longitudinal and transverse threads.

Step 2 On top of the lining layer, glue the finishing layer with stone chips. For him, too, purchase only modern high-quality coatings.

The pool area is ready, you can install it.

Prices for frame pools

Frame pools

In this situation, not always what is more expensive is better. Why? A house is a complex engineering structure that has a huge number of individual elements that affect each other's condition. For example, the increased load on the roof puts pressure not only on the ceiling and walls, but also on foundations. What factors should be kept in mind while choosing a pool?

1. Stationary indoor is the heaviest structure, it is possible to plan its construction only at the stage of development of the design specification. You should not hope that the designs of the house have initially large stock strength and without problems cope with significant additional loads.

   

2. In winter, it is better to drain the water, regardless of the type of container. Few people will take water procedures and harden at the same time, they will have to do heating. This is not only difficult, but also dangerous.

   

3. We must not forget that any pool must be periodically cleaned of dirt, and the water must not only be filtered, but also disinfected. Otherwise, green mucus will appear on the walls, it will be unpleasant to swim.

   

4. The area of ​​the pool is not less than twenty-five square meters. It is not advisable to start complex expensive work for the sake of a large bath.

   

5. Do not get carried away with cheap inflatable structures. In the event of a breakthrough from flooding the lower premises, no waterproofing will save, leaks will be very likely.

   

Do not rush to make final decisions. There are always several options, choose the best one for you and your home.

And the last. The type and dimensions of the structure must take into account the purpose for which they are made. If only in order to show friends once, then you can choose the simplest options. When regular use of the pool is planned, then you should not save on reliability and comfort. For such cases, it is recommended to mount a stainless steel container on the site described above. The pleasure is expensive, but over time it fully pays for itself: significant savings in the cost of periodic maintenance, maximum guarantee of safety of use and an almost unlimited service life.

Video - Rooftop pool

The pool on the roof is an original solution to increase the prestige and comfort of the building, they are placed on inverted roofs. But such roofs can be used for other purposes. What are inversion roofs, what are their performance characteristics and how to build them can be read.

The geology of the site includes checking and studying the soil, this allows you to optimize the cost of the foundation.

What happens if you don't do geology?

If you ignore this stage, then you can choose the wrong foundation and lose from 1,000,000 rubles on alterations.

10 year warranty on foundation, walls, ceilings and roofing.

Ask an engineer a question

What is included in the Engineering Solution?

Documentation on the location and equipment of all technical premises, electrical outlets, water supply, ventilation, gas and sewerage.

What is included in the design solution?

A detailed plan and instructions for the foreman, which display all the necessary stages and technologies in the construction of the foundation, walls and roof.

What is included in the architectural solution?

Creation of a sketch and its 3D image, which displays the location and size of rooms, walls, roofs, furniture, windows and doors.

What will you get after this stage?

All technical and visual documentation. Author's supervision over the course of construction. Our architect and designer will visit the site weekly.

Do you have any questions? Ask them to the engineer.

Ask an engineer a question

What do deadlines depend on?

The terms add up depending on the chosen project and material, (houses made of logs and timber take time to shrink).

What is "house shrinkage"?

This is a natural process of changing the volume of wooden walls and other details due to the drying of the tree.

Who will build my house?

We have our own staff of certified workers and foremen with at least 5 years of specialized work experience. Since 2015, a construction equipment fleet has been put into operation. We do not engage contractors.

Do you have any questions? Ask them to the engineer.

Ask an engineer a question

I want it like this picture. You can?

Yes! You can send us any image and we will design and build what you want.

Do you have a designer on staff?

Now the state employs 5 interior designers with a total profile experience of 74 years.

What is included in an interior design project?

Drawing up a 3D project by a designer, as well as support and implementation of all finishing works.
We will also produce and supply furniture that suits your lifestyle and taste.

The popularity of green roofs is growing incredibly fast. Experts even predict a construction boom, because any fantasy can be realized on it - to set up gardens with fountains on it, equip spa areas and much more.

The rooftop pool is undoubtedly a stylish design solution. More and more homeowners, regardless of additional issues, are striving to equip their home in this way, especially in suburban construction. Even a modest rooftop pool, built on the roof of a private mansion, radically changes the life of the owners for the better. Having installed deck chairs and awnings, you can enjoy a beach holiday, almost without leaving your home.

The construction of rooftop pools allows you to:

• save land space;
• save energy costs, since in this case solar energy is partially used for heating water;
• organize an original vacation;
• increase the potential value of the house and land, and more.

Of course, the project of a house with a rooftop pool requires careful study. It is necessary to take into account not only technical, but also sanitary standards. A competent calculation of the supporting structure of the house is necessary, which will guarantee its resistance to the effects of a powerful load. The system that supplies water and discharges it should be thought out to the smallest detail, a rise to the roof and more should be provided, which will ensure the functionality and safety of the operation of the structure. You should also take care of installing a filter, disinfecting water, assembling electrical units.

On a note

Today, an apartment with a swimming pool on the roof of a high-rise building is not such a rarity. This is how the owners of the premises on the top floor realize their dreams of a great vacation. Of course, for this, you must first obtain permission from the relevant organizations.

What is a rooftop pool

Build a pool on the roof can be of almost any design. The only thing that is important to consider is the possibly increased load that it exerts on the carrier system and the base. Especially dangerous in this sense is the pool on the roof of a private house.

It is possible to make a rooftop pool in several ways:

• seasonal. This is an open type design, which is used in warm weather.
• indoor swimming pool with a glass wall with a roof. Particularly popular is the sliding roof for the pool made of polycarbonate, which works on the principle of a sliding wardrobe. This option is undoubtedly more expensive, but it can be used in any weather conditions.

• More practical to use is the indoor version. It is only partially closed. The canopy does not interfere with enjoying the pleasures of water recreation in the summer and protects against water pollution by debris and precipitation.

Design

In accordance with the design features, the rooftop pool can be:

• stationary;
• frame;
• inflatable.

Each type has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

sectional design of the pool

Stationary

This type of swimming bowl is relatively rare on the roof. The design of the pool in this case, in turn, happens:

• built-in;
• superficial.

Let's deal with each of them separately.

• Embedded. The depth of the bowl may vary depending on the free space inside the house. They are built from monolithic concrete, foam blocks or bricks. In this case, waterproofing materials and heaters are used. It should be noted that, as a rule, these materials are needed in large quantities. That is, such structures differ in a rather large mass. The design of pools of this type is carried out taking into account all the necessary parameters and an accurate calculation of the required amount of materials.
• Surface. They are built on the roof plane, raising the structure to the required height.

rooftop pool photo

Stationary swimming bowls are distinguished by:

• Durability. The structure is built only once. It is periodically cleaned and filled with water.
• Reliability. The maintenance-free operational period is quite long, especially if they are properly equipped and finished.
• Practicality. The design is unpretentious in care. Closer to autumn, the water is drained and the bowl is insulated for the winter.

In stationary structures of a closed type, ventilation ducts must be thought out. Otherwise, the heated air will create some discomfort for people in the pool.

How to make a pool in a private house of a stationary type: useful recommendations

One of the important points of installation is the laying of pipes through which water is supplied and drained. special attention requires sealing of pipe joints, areas of risk of flooding of the structure.

• Initially, a depth is chosen, and in accordance with it, the stairs necessary for descending into and out of the water are built.
• When choosing finishes, preference is given to more practical materials, which are characterized by

• ceramic tile;
• porcelain stoneware;
• glass mosaic.

• The built-in bowl is qualitatively isolated using special materials. It could be:

• ruberoid;
• film;
• sealant and more.

• The pipes connected to the bowl are checked for leaks. In the case when they pass along the surface of the roof, they must be insulated to prevent freezing of the highway. Otherwise, the pipes will have to be replaced.
• It is recommended to use plastic pipes in the system. The diameter is selected in accordance with their purpose:

• Waste - 80–100 mm;
• Feeders - 50–60 mm

• The best option is the walls of the bowl of the monolith. The formwork is poured with a concrete solution, which is reinforced with a mesh of metal reinforcement.

Attention

Preventive measures must be taken to close the way for excess water to the roof and not flood the house. For this purpose, drain pipes are run along the walls at a calculated angle, through which water from the roof is discharged directly into the pit.

• As a safety measure, a fence is required on the roof.

The same is done in the construction of a structure of the second, surface type.

Frame pool

Such a structure consists of

• metal frame made of metal;
• elastic bowl;
• various additional elements, say, fortifications, stairs or other.

These designs:

• Practical. They do not require regular repairs or restoration work. Both the material of the bowl, its coating, and the frame are durable.
• Ease of installation. They can be easily and quickly installed, and if necessary, dismantled.
• Universal. Suitable for installation both on the roof and in another convenient area.
• Durable. The minimum service life is about ten years and even more if the metal frame has a high-quality coating.

On a note

For the manufacture of a metal frame, as a rule, stainless steel is used.

• Economical. When arranging a frame structure, no financial investments are required for the installation of foundations and walls. All that is needed is pipes through which water is supplied and drained, as well as drain holes.

The general requirements for the installation of a frame swimming bowl and recommendations practically do not differ from the conditions for the construction of a stationary structure.

Installation of the frame swimming bowl

Many are interested in whether it is possible to make a pool with your own hands. Of course. We note several important points.

Installation is carried out by at least two people, since the side of the bowl is quite heavy. Assembly does not require special tools and fixtures: just a knife, a level and a screwdriver.

• unfolding the sheet, it is inserted into the guides along the bottom;
• the connecting element on the top of the frame and the bolts are glued with adhesive tape;

1. fix the hoses with clamps,
2. assemble and install a skimmer - this is a device that draws water for a filtration system,
3. hoses are connected to the filter,
4. a hole is cut in the film according to the size of the skimmer,
5. install a cleaning filter
6. connect equipment;

• after filling the bowl with water, chemicals are dosed to disinfect the water.

inflatable bowls

These structures, made of flexible polyethylene, are very durable. The inflatable bottom and soft walls are safe for children bathing in it. They are no less attractive for adults, especially since you can always choose to choose a pool of the appropriate size: the bowl reaches 3 m in diameter with a depth of 50-120 cm. It is very practical: it can be easily placed on the roof, and also easy to remove.

Nevertheless, working with polyethylene has its own characteristics. In the process of inflation, it stretches and can be deformed by punctures or cuts. Therefore, the pool is installed on a specially prepared area, lined with foam or polyurethane sheets. They are laid out tightly one to the other and securely fastened to each other using special glue and sealant, after which they are laid with roofing material. Then a material with a soft structure is laid, for example, a dense carpet.

You can fill the swimming bowl either from a hose or using improvised equipment. As for the drain, it is recommended to use special equipment for it, say, pumps. Water will be discharged directly into the sewage pit through pre-laid pipes of the estimated diameter. It is also advisable to provide drain holes on the roof for emergency situations in order to avoid flooding: in case of a bowl web break or excess water.

On a note

A real breakthrough in this area was the glass pools, the water from which, as if by magic, "leaks" into the sky.

See how to build a pool on the roof of the house, in the video

If you are a happy owner of a country house, then sooner or later you will come to the idea of ​​creating a pool. However, the size of the plot does not always allow this to be done. And then you can use an unusual, but creative and popular in Lately option - to equip the pool on the roof of a private house.

Types of rooftop pools

The pool, which is created on the roof, can be closed, open and just covered. The closed design will allow you to enjoy water procedures, regardless of weather conditions and seasons.

The outdoor swimming pool can only be used during warm weather. But such a structure has one more disadvantage: the pool will need to be cleaned regularly, since it is not protected from various debris entering the water.

An indoor pool is the most optimal design. You can swim in it almost all year round, and the shelter above it will protect the pool from precipitation and debris.

The pools installed on the roof of the house differ according to the types of construction. Quite often, the owners of private houses decide to mount a stationary pool on the roof. Such a structure will have a significant mass, its depth may be different.

Such pools can be surface or built-in. The surface structure is arranged directly on the roof itself and has a certain height. The built-in pool is installed flush with the base of the roof, and its bowl is located inside the house.

The stationary pool is durable, practical and reliable. Maintenance consists of cleaning and changing the water. For the winter, the water is drained, and the pool bowl is insulated. The indoor pool requires indoor heating.

Not so long ago, another type of pool appeared - a collapsible one. It consists of a metal, elastic bowl and various auxiliary elements: stairs, fortifications, etc. Such structures do not require regular repairs, and the bowl and frame can be used for a long time. For a collapsible pool, unlike a stationary structure, there is no need to build a base and walls. Assembling and disassembling such a pool can be quite quick and easy.

Another view of the rooftop pool -. This design is easy to install and disassemble. For the manufacture of the bowl, durable and elastic polyethylene is used. The soft walls of such a pool are convenient for bathing children. And the inflatable bottom will help to avoid various injuries when diving.

Inflatable pools for the roof differ in size. Their depth can vary from 0.5 m to 1.2 m. The diameter of the bowl can also be different. Often it reaches 3 m.

It should be remembered that in order to install a large and deep pool on the roof, it will be necessary to strengthen the entire structure of the building. Since the load on the foundation and walls of the house will increase significantly, it will be easier and easier to place a pool with a small bowl on the roof of a private house.

The water in the outdoor swimming pool, located on the roof of the building, will be heated by solar heat during the hot season. Often, in order to reduce energy costs for maintaining a rooftop pool, a canopy over it is constructed from polycarbonate, which has good light transmission.

If your apartment is located on the top floor, then such a pool can also be built on the roof of a multi-storey building, having previously received all the necessary permits. Today, more and more pools are being built on the roofs of various entertainment venues, sports complexes, hotels and even kindergartens.