This coal basin is one of the largest in Russia. The geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk basin and its characteristics as one of the largest in the country make it attractive for large-scale development. Most of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin is located within the Krasnoyarsk Territory, smaller areas are in the Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions. Coal mining opportunities in this region are enormous. Potentially, more than 1 billion tons of coal per year can be mined here. Peak production occurred in 1991, when 56 million tons of coal were extracted. A special feature of the basin is the possibility of open-pit mining of coal. Brown coal deposits predominate, which is used in thermal power generation. Coal deposits are rare.

History of the basin development

The presence of coal in this area has been known since the 18th century. The Kansk-Achinsk basin, whose geographical location coincides with the most important transport routes of Siberia, has long been a tasty morsel for geologists and coal miners. The first mining attempt was made in 1903. In 1918, several tens of thousands of tons of solid fuel were already produced per year.

In the pre-war period, coal was mined in mines, and the total production was 400 - 450 thousand tons. In the post-war period, there was an active creation of coal mines. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, coal production declined. Over the past two decades, several more coal mines have been established, 2 of which - Kansky and Pereyaslavsky - belong to the category of large ones.

Modern opportunities for coal mining in the basin are ensured by the painstaking work of a large number of geologists who worked in the geological centers of our country.

Eastern Siberia's contribution to coal mining

In terms of economic development opportunities, Eastern Siberia ranks second in Russia after the Far East. Mining, processing and use of coal are among the priority areas for the development of the region. The total coal reserves in Eastern Siberia account for more than half of the coal resources available in Russia. Among the most well-developed and studied coal basins in the region is the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin.

Geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk basin

The Kansk-Achinsk coal basin is located several hundred kilometers east of Kuzbass, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as in the Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions. The latitude of the basin extends over 800 km and is located in the area of ​​the Trans-Siberian Railway. d. highways.

The pool consists of two equal-sized parts: western and eastern. Between them are the Yenisei Ridge and the foothills of the eastern Sayan Mountains. Along the edges are the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Yenisei Ridge and the Eastern Sayan.

The Kansk-Achinsk coal basin includes 10 geological regions where industrial coal development is feasible. There are such large deposits as Berezovskoye, Nazarovskoye, Abanskoye and others. The deposits are dominated by brown coals.

The scope of coal use from the Kansk-Achinsk basin will expand in the future. It is intended to be used for the production of chemical products, liquid coal fuel and thermal coal.

Geology of the basin

The coals of the Kansk-Achinsk basin were formed in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Jurassic eras. The type of carbon-containing sediments is continental. Coal seams are located among gravelstones, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates and mudstones. The Kansk-Achinsk basin resembles a platform with horizontal rocks. The thickness of the layers ranges from 200 to 400 m. In some places, in addition to Jurassic sediments, Cretaceous, Neogene and Paleogene sediments are also present.

The geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin leads to the fact that the greatest thickness of the coal-bearing layer is achieved in the southeast, where it is increased to 800 meters vertically. The nature of the rocks here is somewhat different than in the rest of the basin: they have a folded structure and a higher density.

In the west, the sedimentary layers of the Kansk-Achinsk basin are buried under younger sedimentary formations.

The total coal reserves in the basin, as of 1979, are 638 billion tons. At the same time, 143 billion tons can be extracted using the open-pit method. About 50 coal seams were discovered in the rock mass, of which the most interesting are “Berezovsky” (layer thickness 90 meters) and “Moshchny” (layer thickness 15 - 40 meters). In general, the thickness of the basin layers ranges from 15 to 100 meters. In total, 30 coal deposits and 7 coal areas have been discovered.

Characteristics and quality of coal

In the Kansk-Achinsk basin, brown coals predominate, although hard coals are also found. The share of ash ranges from 8 to 16% of the coal mass, which is considered a relatively small amount. The sulfur content in coal does not exceed 1 percent. A large amount of calcium oxide was found in the ash (25 - 60% of the total mass). At the same time, the content of toxic and radioactive elements is very small.

The heat release of coal corresponds to 4500 kcal. The water content in coal is high (48%). This can lead to spontaneous combustion and accelerated oxidation. This is considered the main disadvantage of Kansk-Achinsk coal, as it limits the possibilities of their transportation and storage. Therefore, they are burned at nearby power plants. To supply coal fuel, conveyor lines are used, through which coal from the production area is supplied to the boiler furnaces.

Mining conditions

Due to the shallow depth and convenient location of the basin, conditions for field development are favorable. Therefore, coal mining is characterized by low cost and economic profitability. Coal is ideal for use in chemical production in the region.

Areas of application

Coal is used to produce electricity. A particularly large amount of it goes to the Irkutsk Thermal Power Plant. Power plants in Krasnoyarsk, Abakan, Kansk, Achinsk, and Minusinsk also operate on it. In small towns and villages it is used for heating.

Environmental problems of the basin

Large-scale open-pit mining and burning of coal leads to air pollution with dust particles, which then settle on soil and plants. The dust contains: calcium, barium, copper, magnesium, antimony. The area of ​​coal mines reaches 30 square meters. km. In order to drain the mining area, large amounts of groundwater are pumped out. The maximum level of dust loss is 2000 tons per year per square meter. km. This leads to degradation of fertile soil layers. Due to the combustion of coal, air pollution occurs with lignite dust. The geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk basin in the zone of influence of the Siberian and Asian anticyclones leads to the spread of pollutants near the earth's surface.

Future plans

It is planned to increase coal production, primarily in the Berezovsky deposit. There are also plans to establish an enrichment process, which will allow coal to be transported to other regions. The development of innovative areas of use is not excluded: the production of thermal coal, liquid coal fuel and raw materials for the chemical industry.

Conclusion

Thus, the geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk basin in Russia is Eastern Siberia. This is one of the largest coal basins in the country. Coal mining is carried out mainly by open-pit mining. The reserves of the coal basin are huge. The coal deposits located here are characterized by low ash content, low content of sulfur, toxic and radioactive substances. However, a large percentage of moisture makes it inconvenient for transportation and storage, and therefore it is used mainly by local thermal power plants. In the future, it is planned to enrich it and transport it to other regions, as well as use it for the production of synthetic fuel and raw materials for chemical production. The environmental situation in areas of active coal mining is unfavorable due to air pollution by particles of dust and smoke and their penetration into the soil layer, which can be seen in local photos. The geographical location of the Kansk-Achinsk basin determines the severity of climatic conditions, but in other respects it is economically beneficial.

The Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) is located in Eastern Siberia, its length is 800 km, and covers several regions - Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk Territory. At the moment, 24 brown coal deposits have been explored, the most economically significant are the following:

According to experts, the resources of this deposit account for about 80% of all brown coal reserves in Russia.

• Berezovskoe;
• Borodinskoe;
• Itatskoe;
• Urupskoe;
• Abanskoe;
• Nazarovskoe;
• Barandatskoe;
• Bogotolskoe;
• Sayano-Partizanskoe.

The basin of the coal-bearing strata consists of alternating Jurassic sediments, which are composed of conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, gravelites and coal masses. The coal seam here is quite large, the depth sometimes reaches 800 meters. The basin is characterized by denser rocks and wide areas of coal-bearing rocks, especially its southeastern part, where the maximum thickness of the layers is observed.

According to experts, the resources of this deposit amount to 414.2 billion tons, which is about 80% of all brown coal reserves in Russia.

However, recently the main deposits of KATEK have been mothballed, open zones have been filled with rock to prevent its oxidation. Only two deposits remain in active development - Berezovskoye and Borodinskoye, the thickness of the layers here reaches 90 meters, and the location is convenient for using the open-pit mining method, which is cheaper compared to the mine method.

Method of extraction and quality of coal in the Kansk-Achinsk basin

Brown coal is mined in the Kansk-Achinsk complex; another deposit of this mineral has been explored in Russia - the Kuznetsk basin. But Kansko-Achinsk coal has a number of advantages.

Coal mining is carried out using special machines

It is low-ash, the ash content does not exceed 12%, and Kuznetsk coals contain up to 30% ash - this makes them of lower quality. Brown coal from the Kan complex contains a low level of sulfur - up to 0.8% and has a fairly high yield of volatile substances - up to 50%, which gives it an advantage over hard coal. However, brown rock contains a large percentage of moisture - from 20 to 44%, which makes its transportation and storage difficult.

The Kansk-Achinsk coal basin is characterized by a high concentration of refractory calcium oxide in the coal-bearing rock (up to 42%) - this creates additional problems in the process of liquid slag removal. But, at the same time, it makes mining cleaner in environmental terms - during the combustion of coal, phosphorus and sulfur dioxide are formed, which easily settle in electric precipitators and do not enter the atmosphere. Thanks to this, acid rain does not fall in the area where brown coal is extracted and processed.

The coal-bearing rock mined at KATEK is prone to spontaneous combustion, which greatly complicates long-distance transportation and long-term storage.

The big advantage of this deposit is the low cost of coal; the basin is distinguished by a convenient geological location of the layers, which allows the use of an open pit mining method, which is several times cheaper than the mine method. The coal-bearing rock is shallow and has fairly thick layers, which makes mining quick, easy and reduces waste.

In addition, the coal basin has several deposits of non-metallic minerals on the surface, mainly building materials - this helps to combine production activities, and also reduces the cost of extracting building materials.

Coal. Modern coal mining!

Main consumers of brown coal

Brown coal, due to its chemical and physical characteristics, is unsuitable for transportation and long-term storage. Therefore, its main consumers are located near the field, these include mainly thermal power plants in Eastern Siberia:

Brown coal is widely used in the chemical industry and beyond.

• Khakass power grid;
• Krasnoyarsk Thermal Power Plant;
• Irkutsk Thermal Power Plant;
• Nazarovo State District Power Plant;
• Berezovskaya GRES.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory and areas adjacent to the coal basin are characterized by a large number of scattered villages and small towns in which coal is the main boiler fuel. The delivery of raw materials to end consumers is carried out by the largest enterprise in the region - Siberian Coal and Energy Company OJSC, followed by Krasnoyarskkraigol OJSC in second place.

Raw materials are delivered to other regions of the country via the Trans-Siberian Railway, along which the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin stretches. Brown coal is widely used in the chemical industry - when processed, liquid fuel, explosives, dyes, and fertilizers for agricultural needs are obtained from it.

Prospects for the development of coal mining in the Kansk-Achinsk basin

KATEK is quite promising, since at the moment only two fields are being actively developed, while the rest have been explored and mothballed. The new Berezovskoye-2 deposit is currently being actively developed; it is distinguished by its convenient location and shallow rock occurrence.

The primary task of the coal mining industry is the need to introduce an effective method of enriching mined coals directly on site, this will make it possible to transport raw materials over long distances, for example, to the North Caucasus, the Volga region, and Transbaikalia.

Thanks to the use of modern processing equipment, it is possible to produce synthetic liquid fuels, the demand for which is rapidly growing. In the near future, it is planned to modernize the machine complex; the introduction of more modern mining installations will significantly reduce the negative impact on the ecology of the region. According to expert estimates, the volume of discovered resources allows the extraction of up to one billion tons of coal annually.

Environmental impact

Main pollutants of coal mining enterprises

Coal mining is accompanied by environmental pollution - water, air, landscape and soil composition changes. Since the main method of extracting raw materials in KATEK is quarrying, the main problem is dust pollution of the atmosphere. Emission levels can reach up to 1.8 kg per second. The dust scatters for several kilometers and settles on the ground and vegetation, completely destroying forests and destroying fertile soil layers.

The Kansk-Achinsk coal basin has a dust load of within 700 tons per km, although maximum levels of 2000 tons per km have been recorded. These are disastrous indicators for the ecology of the region.

In addition to dust, the process of burning brown coal has a negative impact on the environment. As a result, toxic and poisonous substances enter the atmosphere, water bodies are polluted with wastewater, and waste is generated that cannot be processed, but simply accumulates in the form of mounds.

Another environmental problem is the depletion of mineral deposits. To solve this problem, a set of measures is required aimed at finding artificial substitutes for coal, as well as the development and implementation of more effective methods of enriching raw materials that will reduce natural losses.

Video: Open pit coal mining

The Kansk-Achinsky basin is a coal basin located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, coal mining is carried out only by open-pit mining. The largest open-pit mines in the region: Borodinsky, Nazarovsky and Berezovsky, are part of OJSC SUEK-Krasnoyarsk. Over the past year, the production volume at these open-pit mines reached 29.5 million tons of coal.
Today we will have the opportunity to see how Kansk-Achinsk coal is mined, visit the cabin of an excavator and even fly over huge coal trenches!

2. So, we begin our journey through the Kansk-Achinsk basin.
Borodino section. It was with him that the serious development of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin began. In 1945, construction of the Irsh-Borodinsky open-pit mine began. Coal mining began five years later, in 1950. In February of this year, the 950 millionth ton was produced since the start of operation of the mine.
Borodinsky is one of the largest open-pit mines in the country; industrial coal reserves here amount to about 760 million tons. The width of the coal trench is 7 km, length is 2 km, and depth is up to 100 meters.

3. The most powerful cutting machine. Rotary excavator ERP-2500 No. 4.
The height of the machine is 30 meters, length 65, and weight 1860 tons!

4. This colossus is controlled by a team of only six people

5. This is how an excavator driver loads black gold from a height of several floors.

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7. The excavator rotary wheel consists of 18 buckets, the volume of each of them is 330 liters. Their total theoretical productivity can reach 3150 tons of coal per hour

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9. Local "Morse code"

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12. BelAZ trucks are not used here. All coal is loaded into wagons and immediately goes to the consumer: energy and industrial companies of the Region.

13. During four years of operation at the open-pit mine, the excavator loaded 130 million tons of coal

14. The excavator will continue to ship tons of black gold, and we will move on

15. Nazarovsky coal mine. More reminiscent of Mars, or at least the set of some epic film

16. The second section opened on the territory of the Basin. Serious geological exploration work began here back in 1939, construction began in 1948. The first coal was mined three years later, in 1951, the open-pit mine was commissioned with a production capacity of 1.5 million tons of coal per year. Five years later, the mine’s capacity reached 1.6 million tons, and subsequently it increased to 14 million tons of coal per year.
In April of this year, the 450 millionth ton of Nazarovo coal was mined.

17. Little man versus big machine

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19. Man conquers, man is the creator!

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22. Just a monster, almost the height of a 20-story building.
The name of the German-made monster is the rotary overburden complex SRs(K)-4000. The complex moves overburden rock to dumps, thereby preparing the area for mining equipment

23. Has everyone seen PAZ buses? Here they are specially placed to assess the scale of everything that is happening on the section.

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25. Clickable panorama

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27. Industrial coal reserves here are about 360 million tons

28. The main consumer of the open-pit mine is Nazarovo State District Power Plant, up to 98% of coal goes there

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30. Egypt, Mars, Moon, parallel universe? Where are we?

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32. We leave the inhuman sizes and colors of Nazarovo and move on

33. Let’s finish the story at the Berezovsky open-pit mine. Let's start getting acquainted with him from the air.
Birds flying past see him this way

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35. But giant cars are not so gigantic...Depending on where you look at them

36. Berezovsky is the youngest large open-pit mine in the region; mining began here in 1975. Currently, the coal mining capacity of the open-pit mine is 13.5 million tons per year.
The main consumer of the open-pit mine is Berezovskaya GRES. Coal goes there via a unique 15-kilometer main conveyor

6. Characteristics of the Kansk-Achinsk basin

The Kansk-Achinsk basin is located in the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions. The basin stretches along the Trans-Siberian Railway for a distance of about 800 km. Width from 50 to 250 km. The area of ​​the open part of the basin is about 45 thousand km2. The Yenisei divides the Kansk-Achinsk basin. into two parts: the western, formerly called the Chulym-Yenisei basin, and the eastern, previously known as the Kansky basin. The total geological reserves of coal are 601 billion, including 140 billion tons suitable for open-pit mining.

The main deposits: Berezovskoye, Barandatskoye, Itatskoye, Bogotolskoye, Nazarovskoye, Irsha-Borodinskoye, Abanskoye, Sayano-Partizanskoye. The coal-bearing strata of the Kansk-Achinsk basin is composed of Jurassic sediments of the continental type, representing an alternation of sandstones, conglomerates, gravelites, siltstones, mudstones and coal seams. In its predominant part it has the features of a typical platform basin with horizontal occurrence of weakly lithified rocks with a total thickness of about 200-400 m; in the southeastern part, the thickness of the coal-bearing strata increases to 700-800 m; here it is composed of denser rocks and has a folded occurrence. In places, the Jurassic is unconformably overlain by unproductive sediments of Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene age. The coal content of industrial significance is confined to two sedimentation cycles of different ages - Lower Jurassic and Middle Jurassic. In the basin, up to 20 working seams of coal with a total thickness of 120 m are known. The main industrial significance is the Moshchny seam located in the upper horizon of the Middle Jurassic sediments, the thickness of which varies from a few tens of meters to 80 m. The composition of the coals is humic with rare interlayers of sapropel-humus composition, according to the degree of coalification - brown (B1 and B2), with the exception of the Sayano-Partizanskoe deposit, where they are classified as stone (grade G); The thickness of the layers in this field is 1-1.5 m, the occurrence conditions are complex.

Quality indicators of brown coal: moisture content 21-44%, ash content 7-14%, sulfur 0.2-0.8%; yield of volatile substances 46-49%; calorific value of working fuel 11.7-15.7 MJ/kg (2800-3750 kcal/kg), combustible mass 27.2-28.2 MJ/kg (6500-6750 kcal/kg);

Quality indicators of hard coals: moisture content 5.6%, ash content 10%, sulfur content 1.2%; volatile matter yield 48%; calorific value of working fuel is 26.1 MJ/kg (6220 kcal/kg), combustible mass is 33.6 MJ/kg (8030 kcal/kg).

The pool coals have a relatively low ash content and calorific value (2.8-4.6 thousand kcal). But coals contain a significant amount of moisture (up to 48%), which leads to their rapid oxidation, and also have the ability to spontaneously ignite. This makes them unsuitable for long-term storage and long-distance transportation. The thickness of the seams ranges from 14 to 70 m, and in some areas reaches 100 m. The coal seams are located horizontally and close to the surface. The basin has favorable mining and geological development conditions, which ensures their low cost.

The coals from the pool are also suitable as raw materials for the chemical industry. The shallow occurrence of coal seams and the large thickness of the main seam of Moschny over vast areas make it possible to develop deposits using the open-pit method. In 1970, 18 million tons of coal were mined. The explored Berezovskoye deposit, which has large coal reserves, is very promising. In addition to coal, the basin area contains deposits of non-metallic minerals, mainly building materials.

It is economically profitable to use Kansk-Achinsk coal as fuel in power plants, which should be built near coal mining, and transmit the resulting electricity. They can also be used to produce liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks. Large thermal power plants are being built on their basis, and the Kansk-Achinsk territorial production complex is being created.

In the future, it is possible to significantly increase the capacity of the Berezovsky open-pit mine and build a large new open-pit mine Borodinsky-2. The basin has excellent technical and economic indicators of coal mining: it has the lowest cost and the highest labor productivity in the industry. One of the country's largest Nazarovskaya GRES, Berezovskaya GRES-1, operates on coal from the Kansk-Achinsk basin. The continued concentration of such large thermal power plants in a small area could have serious environmental consequences. Therefore, new energy technology methods for using coal from the Kansk-Achinsk basin are being developed. First of all, this is coal enrichment, which makes it possible to transport high-calorie fuel to other regions of the country: in Transbaikalia, in the east of Western Siberia, in the North Caucasus and in the Volga region. The task is to develop and implement a new technology for producing liquid synthetic fuel from the coals of the basin.

Conclusion

In the context of the transition to the market, the importance of restructuring the coal industry, which is aimed at transforming the production and organizational structures of the coal industry, is increasing. The main conditions for its implementation are:

Formation of competitive coal companies

Ensuring social protection of industry workers

Consistent decline in government support for industry enterprises

Socio-economic, environmental recovery and ensuring social stability in coal-mining regions

The choice of an effective strategy for the further development of the Russian coal industry is closely related to the directions, pace and effectiveness of the socio-economic transformations being carried out in the country. There are the following strategies for the development of the mineral resources sector of the economy.

Search strategy for exploration and industrial development of new coal deposits. This strategy places its main emphasis on the discovery and development of new deposits and requires priority investment in geological prospecting. It can be effective for scarce types of mineral raw materials, but the situation with Russia’s supply of coal reserves is exactly the opposite: the country is fully provided with identified resources, but the discovery of new ones is unlikely.

A strategy for simply maintaining and maximizing the use of previously created capacity potential. This strategy is applicable if there is no increase in demand for this raw material. It gives effect due to more complete use of the existing potential.

A strategy for large-scale new mine construction while maintaining the previously introduced mine stock. This is the most conservative, but long-dominant strategy in the mining industries. It was this that led to the disastrous state of most of the Russian coal industry enterprises. Following it in the future would be very ineffective due to high capital intensity, the continuing uncompensated complication of mining and geological conditions and obsolescence of technologies.

Strategy for technological re-equipment of existing industry enterprises. It is based on the idea of ​​large-scale modernization and bringing all enterprises to the modern scientific and technical level. There is no doubt that global technical re-equipment has a major effect, but it is unlikely to be feasible in the near future, since it requires large investments. There are no real sources for its practical implementation. However, in the future, after the adoption of legislative acts giving investors certain guarantees at the government level, and if the political situation in the country stabilizes, the situation may change dramatically.

Export development strategy. This strategy is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of domestic coal on the world market. In the current conditions this is hardly feasible. The main deposits of high-quality coal are too far from seaports. Domestic producers have difficulty meeting global coal quality standards. Markets have long been occupied by sea supplies of high-quality coals from the USA, Australia, and South Africa. Under current conditions, Russian enterprises could become competitive only with extremely low levels of wages and transport tariffs, “free” ecology, etc.

Strategy for ensuring the “economic security of the country.” Such judgments appeared relatively recently, but are being heard more and more often. The ideology embedded in it is essentially the opposite of the market one: it is the ideology of the “enemy encirclement” and the “Iron Curtain”. In principle, it does not reflect either the current international situation or economic realities.

Strategy for creating resource-saving technologies. Compared to the previous ones, it looks the most revolutionary and breakthrough. Instead of investing in the coal industry, priority funding is expected for technologies for its economical use by consumers. The ways to reduce these needs are very diverse: the efficient use of raw materials during their further processing, the creation of effective substitutes, the utilization of man-made resources accumulated in dumps, integrated development of deposits, and closed-cycle technologies. Experience shows that in addition to the direct economic effect, the strategy contributes to the existing improvement of the natural environment.

Since the end of 2008, due to the global financial crisis, there has been a downward trend in demand and prices for coal products, especially for coking coal grades.

The volume of coal production in Russia in the first quarter of 2009 amounted to 69.5 million tons and decreased by 18.7% compared to the corresponding period last year, including hard coal by 17.1% and brown coal by 22.5%. The volume of coal concentrate production decreased by 23.7%.

Supply volumes for the same period amounted to 66.3 million tons (81.1%), incl. to the domestic market - 44.6 million tons (77.8%), for export - 21.7 million tons (88.8%).

In times of crisis, coal mining organizations are forced to reduce production costs, primarily by reducing the volume of preparatory and auxiliary work: carrying out and reinforcing mine workings, reducing the volume of stripping work, curtailing programs to improve transport schemes, ventilation, etc., as well as reducing financing programs for the technical re-equipment of existing production and new construction.

In the current conditions, the Russian Ministry of Energy plans to develop anti-crisis measures to normalize the situation in the coal industry. Work is also nearing completion on the development of the Energy Strategy of Russia until 2030, taking into account the changing situation in the Russian and world markets

List of used literature

1. Golitsyn M.V. Coking coals of Russia and the world / M.V.Golitsyn, A.M.Golitsyn. Handbook // Ed. V.F. Cherepovsky. – M.: Nedra, 1996. – 239 p.

2. Coal base of Russia. Volume III. Coal basins and deposits of Eastern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kansk-Achinsk basin; Republic of Khakassia, Minusinsk basin; Republic of Tyva, Coal Chemical Basin and other deposits; Irkutsk region and coal deposits of the Pre-Baikal region). – M.: Geoinformtsentr LLC, 2002. – 488 p.

3. Coal industry of the Russian Federation in 2006. Volume I. Indicators for coal mines, open pits, processing plants - M.: "Rosinformugol", 2007. - 95 p.

4. Coal base of Russia. Volume V. Book 2. Coal basins and deposits of the Russian Far East (Republic of Sakha, Northeast, Sakhalin Island, Kamchatka Peninsula). – M.: JSC “Geoinformmark”, 1999. – 638 p.

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KANSK-ACHINSK COAL BASIN - is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions. The basin extends in the latitudinal direction, along the Trans-Siberian railway for 800 km; area 50 thousand km 2. Industrial centers - cities. Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, Achinsk, Sharypovo. Explored coal reserves are 81.4 billion tons, preliminary estimated - 34.2 billion tons, of which 80.1 and 33.9, respectively, (grades D and G) - 1.3 and 0.3. Brown coal reserves suitable for opencasting: explored - 79.2, preliminary estimated - 32.8 (1984); predicted coal resources to a depth of 600 m are estimated at 523 billion tons (260 billion tons). The first information about the coal content of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin dates back to 1771; coal mining began in 1905; systematic geological research has been carried out since the 30s.

By the Yenisei ridge and spurs of the eastern Sayan, the area of ​​the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin is divided into 2 almost equal parts - western (Chulym-Yenisei) and eastern (Kan). The Lower-Middle Jurassic coal-bearing deposits in the Chulym-Yenisei part are filled with large isolated foothill and intermountain depressions of an asymmetrical structure, framed by the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, eastern Sayan and the Yenisei ridge; in the northwest they subduct beneath younger formations of the West Siberian Platform. In the Kansk part they form large flat synclinal structures on the southwestern edge of the Siberian Platform. The total thickness of sediments increases from 200 m in the east to 960 m in the southeast. They are divided into formations: Makarovskaya and Itatskaya in the western part of the basin and Pereyaslavskaya, Kamalinskaya and Borodino in the eastern part. The most saturated with coal are the upper horizons of the Itat and Borodino formations, which contain a unique (25-60 m) “Powerful” seam (Itatsky, Berezovsky, Borodino) and several less thick (1.3-7 m) coal seams close to it. At the top of the Kamalinskaya formation there are up to 10 layers, some of which have a thickness of 10 to 23 m. The Pereyaslav formation (Sayano-Partizanskoye field) contains up to 9 layers with a thickness of 1.5-2 m.

The area of ​​the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin is divided into 10 geological industrial regions according to its structural and economic situation (map). The main deposits: Berezovskoye, Uryupskoye, Itatskoye, Barandatskoye, Nazarovskoye, Bogotolskoye, Irsha-Borodinskoye, Abanskoye, Sayano-Partizanskoye. Humus coals (mostly brown), technological group B2 (at the Itatskoye and Bogotolskoye deposits - B1; Bolshesyrskoye - BZ). Coals of the Sayano-Partizanskoye deposit are hard, grade G, sintered. Low-ash and medium-ash brown coals (A d 7-15%), low sulfur (S f d 0.3-0.7%), specific heat of combustion (bomb) Q daf 27.2-29.3 MJ/kg, lowest working fuel (Q i r 11.8-15.5 MJ/kg). Coals are developed (capacity in brackets million tons/year) by Nazarovsky 2 (16.2), Irsha-Borodinsky (27.5), Berezovsky 1 coal mines of the coal industry, Balakhtinsky open-pit mine (0.15) of the Ministry of Fuel Industry of the RSFSR. Production (1983) 38.5 million tons.

Taking into account favorable natural conditions that provide the possibility of large-scale, highly efficient open-pit coal mining, a large fuel and energy complex is being created on the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin. The identified resources ensure the development of coal mining in the basin up to 1 billion tons/year. In the future, it is planned to use coal to obtain liquid fuel, thermal coal, and chemical raw materials from them. In addition to coal, the basin area has deposits of non-metallic minerals, mainly building materials.