Calf, biceps, sphincter, flexor, triceps, antagonist, meat, erector, myocardium, extensor, synergist, abductor, muscle, adductor, constrictor, synergist Dictionary of Russian synonyms. muscle muscle Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Practical... ... Synonym dictionary

Muscle- Muscle. [Regarding the substitution of Russian equivalents for Church Slavonic lexemes or the replacement of Church Slavonicisms with their Russian doublets, V.V. Vinogradov writes:] An interesting example is from the draft manuscript of “Ruslan and Lyudmila”: Takes the sorcerer under the muscle.... ... History of words

MUSCLE- MUSCLE, muscles, women. 1. An organ of movement in humans and animals, consisting of tissue capable of contracting and moving parts of the body attached to its tendon ends; the same as muscle (anat.). Cardiac muscle. Brachial muscle. 2. Hand (book... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

muscle- MUSCLE, s, g. 1. Muscle, muscle. The guy with the muscle is a strong, muscular man. 2. Male genital organ... Dictionary of Russian argot

muscle- MUSCLE, muscle MUSCLE, muscular... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

MUSCLE- MUSCLE, s, female. An organ of the human and animal body consisting of tissue capable of contracting under the influence of nerve impulses. | adj. muscular, oh, oh. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

MUSCLE- Any tissue consisting of elongated cells that change in various ways, acting together as a contractile structure. Muscles are made up of muscle cells for contraction, connective tissue for attachment, and vascular tissue for nutrition.… … Explanatory dictionary of psychology

MUSCLE- (muscle) an organ formed by muscle tissue, the cells of which have the ability to contract and produce various movements (see figure). Muscles have the ability to convert the energy of chemical reactions occurring in the body into mechanical... ... Explanatory dictionary of medicine

muscle- noun, f., used. compare often Morphology: (no) what? muscles, what? muscle, (see) what? muscle, what? muscle, about what? about muscle; pl. What? muscles, (no) what? muscles, what? muscles, (see) what? muscles, what? muscles, about what? about muscles Human muscle or... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

muscle- @font face (font family: ChurchArial; src: url(/fonts/ARIAL Church 02.ttf);) span (font size:17px;font weight:normal !important; font family: ChurchArial ,Arial,Serif;)   noun. (Greek μασχάλη) armpit; shoulder; part of the arm from top to elbow... ... Dictionary of Church Slavonic language

muscle- The article muscle talked about how and why the word musculus - muscle - was rethought in Latin. The same thing happened with the common Slavic word mouse: the movement of muscles under the skin was so reminiscent of mouse running, as in the Russian language... ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Krylov

Books

• Muscles. Anatomy. Movements. Testing, Valerius Klaus-Peter, Frank Astrid, Kolster Bernard K.. This book, prepared by a group of German specialists working in the field of rehabilitation, became a bestseller in the West, going through 5 editions. It is a reference book on muscles... Buy for RUR 3,130
• The human body. Encyclopedia, Farndon John, Lampon Nikki. On the pages of this book you will learn: What is adolescence? What is the smallest bone in the human skeleton? What does the spine consist of? Why do we cry? What is the Rh factor? What...

(m. palmaris brevis)- a thin plate located transversely in the subcutaneous base of the eminence of the little finger. The bundles of this muscle begin on the flexor retinaculum and the medial edge of the palmar aponeurosis and are woven into the skin of the medial edge of the hand (see Fig. 159).

Function: the short palmaris muscle wrinkles the skin of the eminence of the little finger.

Innervation: ulnar nerve (C VIII -Th I). Blood supply: ulnar artery.

M abductor muscle of the little finger(m. abductor digiti minimi),- a narrow muscle strip located superficially on the medial edge of the hand. It begins on the pisiform bone and the carpi flexor retinaculum. The muscle is attached to the medial edge of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.

Function: the muscle abducts the little finger.

Innervation: ulnar nerve (C VII -Th I).

Blood supply:

M muscle opposite the little finger(m. opponens digiti minimi),- a thin muscle strip located lateral to the short flexor of the little finger, under the muscle that abducts the little finger. Starts short

tendon bundles on the flexor retinaculum and the hook of the hamate (lateral to the flexor brevis of the little finger). Attached to the medial edge and anterior surface of the fifth metacarpal bone.

Function: the muscle opposes the little finger to the thumb.

Innervation: ulnar nerve (C VIII -Th I).

Blood supply: deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery.

Flexor digiti brevis(m. flexor digiti minimi brevis)- a narrow muscle strip that begins with tendon bundles on the flexor retinaculum and the hook of the hamate together with the muscle opposing the little finger. The flexor digiti brevis attaches to the palmar surface of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. It is located lateral to the abductor digiti minimi muscle.

Function: the muscle flexes the little finger.

Innervation: ulnar nerve (C VIII -Th I).

Blood supply: deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery.

Middle muscle group of the hand. The middle group muscles are located in the interosseous spaces (palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles) and at the level of the deep digital flexor tendons (lumbrical muscles).

Vermiform muscles(mm. lumbricales)- four thin fusiform muscles lying directly under the palmar aponeurosis. They begin on the deep digital flexor tendons. The first and second lumbrical muscles begin on the radial, lateral edge of the tendons going to the II and III fingers. The third muscle originates on the edges of the tendons of the deep flexor digitorum, facing each other, going to the third and fourth fingers. The fourth muscle begins on the edges of the tendons facing each other, going to the IV and V fingers. The muscles follow distally to the radial (lateral) side of the II-V fingers and move to the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanges, where they are woven into their dorsal aponeuroses.

Function: lumbrical muscles flex the proximal phalanges, extend the middle and distal phalanges of the II-V fingers.

Innervation: the first and second muscles are the median nerve (C V -Th I), the third and fourth are the ulnar nerve (C V -Th I).

Blood supply: superficial and deep palmar arterial arches.

Interosseous muscles, located between the metacarpal bones, are divided into two groups - the palmar interosseous muscles and the dorsal interosseous muscles. These muscles originate on the lateral surfaces of the metacarpal bones and are attached to the back of the proximal

phalanges of the fingers. Palmar interosseous muscles(mm. interossei palmares)- these are three flattened muscles located in the second, third and fourth interosseous spaces, covering them from the palmar side. The first (lateral) interosseous muscle originates on the medial (ulnar) edge of the second metacarpal bone. The second and third palmar interosseous muscles begin on the lateral edge of the IV and V metacarpal bones. The muscle bundles pass into thin tendons that attach to the back of the proximal phalanges of the II, IV and V fingers. The tendon of the first palmar interosseous muscle is attached on the ulnar side to the capsule of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index (II) finger and is woven into its dorsal aponeurosis. The second and third interosseous muscles are attached from the radial side to the capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fourth (ring) and fifth (little finger) fingers and to their dorsal aponeuroses at the level of the proximal phalanges. The first - the palmar interosseous muscle is covered by the short adductor pollicis muscle. The rest are located under the tendons of the deep flexor digitorum and the lumbrical muscles that begin on them.

Function: The palmar interosseous muscles bring the II, IV and V fingers to the middle (III).

Innervation: ulnar nerve (C VII -Th I).

Blood supply: deep palmar arterial arch.

Dorsal interosseous muscles(mm. interossei dorsales)- four bipennate muscles, thicker than the palmar muscles. All four muscles are located in the dorsal (back) part of the intermetacarpal spaces. Each muscle begins with two heads on the surfaces of the I-V metacarpal bones facing each other. The dorsal interosseous muscles are attached by thin tendons to the bases of the proximal phalanges of the II-V fingers. In this case, the tendons of the second and third dorsal interosseous muscles are attached to the radial (II) and ulnar (III) sides of the proximal phalanx of the third (middle) finger. The tendon of the first dorsal interosseous muscle is attached to the radial side of the proximal phalanx of the second finger, and the fourth muscle is attached to the ulnar side of the proximal phalanx of the fourth finger.

Function: the dorsal interosseous muscles abduct the I, II, IV fingers from the middle one.

1. Muscles of the lower limb: classification, structure, functions.

331. Abductor digiti minimi(manus) (PNA; abductor digiti quinti manus, BNA, JNA; abductor digiti minimi brevis manus), muscle that abducts the little finger of the hand - the muscle of the palm; origin: pisiform bone, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, pisiform-uncinate ligament, sometimes flexor retinaculum; attachment: ulnar edge of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
332. Abductor digiti minimi(pedis) (PNA; abductor digiti quinti pedis, BNA, JNA; abductor digiti minimi pedis), muscle that abducts the little toe - the muscle of the sole of the foot that abducts and flexes the fifth finger; beginning: lateral process of the tuberosity and plantar surface of the calcaneus, tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone, plantar aponeurosis; insertion: proximal phalanx of the fifth finger
333. Abductor digiti minimi brevis manus, short muscle that abducts the little finger of the hand - see.
334. Abductor digiti minimi pedis, muscle that abducts the little toe - see
335. Abductor digiti quinti manus(BNA, JNA), muscle that abducts the fifth finger - see. Abductor digiti minimi (manus)
336. Abductor digiti quinti pedis(BNA, JNA), muscle that abducts the fifth toe - see. Abductor digiti minimi (pedis)
337. Abductor externus pollicis, external abductor pollicis muscle - see Abductor pollicis brevis
338. Abductor hallucis(PNA, BNA, JNA, pollicem abducens), abductor hallux muscle - muscle of the sole of the foot, flexes and abducts the big toe, strengthens the medial part of the arch of the foot; beginning: medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity, scaphoid tuberosity, flexor tendon retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis; insertion: proximal phalanx of the big toe, medial sesamoid bone and capsule of the metatarsophalangeal joint
339. Abductor pollicis brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA; abductor externus pollicis), short muscle that abducts the thumb - a muscle of the palm that abducts and partially opposes the thumb; beginning: flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the scaphoid; insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
340. Abductor pollicis longus(PNA, BNA, JNA; abductor pollicis major), long muscle that abducts the thumb - the muscle of the posterior region of the forearm that abducts the thumb and the entire hand; origin: posterior surface of the radius and ulna, intermuscular membrane: insertion: base I metacarpal bone
341. Abductor pollicis major, abductor pollicis major muscle - see Abductor pollicis longus
342. Adductor brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA; adductor femoris brevis, adductor parvus), short adductor muscle - the muscle of the anterior region of the thigh, adducting, flexing and rotating it outward; origin: anterior surface of the pubic bone; insertion: medial lip of linea aspera of femur
343. Adductor femoris brevis, adductor femoris brevis - see Adductor brevis
344. adductor gracilis, adductor gracilis muscle - see Gracilis
345. Adductor hallucis(PNA, BNA, JNA), adductor hallucis muscle - muscle of the sole of the foot, strengthening its arch, adducting and flexing the big toe: beginning: oblique head (caput obliguum) - cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones, plantar, calcaneocuboid and long plantar ligament, bases of the II - V metatarsal bones; transverse head (caput transversum) - capsule of the II - V metatarsophalangeal joints and deep transverse metatarsal ligament; insertion: proximal phalanx of the thumb and lateral sesamoid bone
346. Adductor longus(PNA, BNA, JNA; adductor magnus femoris, adductor pectinealis, pubiofemoralis), long adductor muscle - the muscle of the anterior region of the thigh, adducting, flexing and rotating it outward; beginning: pubic bone and cartilage of the pubic symphysis; insertion: middle third of the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
347. Adductor magnus(PNA, BNA, JNA; adductor profundus magnus femoris, custos virginum), adductor magnus - the muscle of the anterior region of the thigh that adducts it; beginning: ischial tuberosity, lower branches of the pubis and ischium; insertion: medial lip of the linea aspera and medial epicondyle of the femur
348. Adductor magnus femoris, adductor major muscle - see Adductor longus
349. adductor parvus, adductor brevis muscle - see Adductor brevis
350. Adductor pectinealis, pectineal adductor muscle - see. Adductor longus
351. Adductor pollicis(PNA, BNA, JNA), the adductor pollicis muscle - the muscle of the palm that adducts and partly opposes the thumb; beginning: oblique head (caput obliquum) - bases of the II - III metacarpal bones, capitate bone, radiate carpal ligament; transverse head (caput transversum) - the heads of the II - III metacarpal bones and the palmar surface of the III metacarpal bone; attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, medial sesamoid bone of the first metacarpophalangeal joint
352. Adductor profundus magnus femoris, deep femoral adductor major muscle - see Adductor magnus
353. Anconeus(PNA, anconaeus, BNA, JNA; epitrochleoanconaeus, BNA; anconaeus posterior, brachialis posterior), olecranon muscle - a muscle of the posterior region of the elbow and forearm, extending it and retracting the capsule of the elbow joint; origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament of the wrist; attachment: posterior edge of the ulna, its proximal quarter
354. Anconaeus posterior, posterior ulnar muscle - see Anconeus
355. Angularis oris inferior, inferior muscle of the corner of the mouth - see Depressor anguli oris
356. Antitragicus(PNA, BNA, JNA), antitragus muscle - the muscle of the auricle that pulls the antitragus; beginning: antitragus of the auricle; insertion: intertragus notch
357. Aponeuroticus, aponeurotic muscle - see Tensor fasciae latae
358. Arrectores pilonim(PNA, BNA, JNA), muscles that lift the hairs - smooth muscle fibers of the papillary dermis, going to the hair follicles and sebaceous glands
359. Articularis genus(PNA, JNA; articularis genu, BNA), articular muscle of the knee - a muscle in the anterior region of the thigh that pulls up the capsule of the knee joint, preventing the possibility of it being pinched between the femur and the patella; origin: anterior surface of the femur; attachment: knee joint capsule
360. Aryepiglotticus(PNA, BNA, JNA; depressor epiglottidis), aryepiglottis muscle - a laryngeal muscle that pulls the epiglottis down and narrows the entrance to the larynx; is a continuation of the oblique interarytenoid muscle to the edge of the epiglottis
361. Arytaenoideus obliquus(BNA) - see Arytenoideus obliquus
362. Arytaenoideus transversus(BNA) - see Arytenoideus transversus
363. Arytenoideus obliquus(PNA; arytaenoideus obliquus, BNA; pars obliqua m. arytaenoidei, JNA; interarytaenoideus obliquus), oblique arytenoid muscle - a muscle of the larynx that narrows the entrance to it and its vestibule; origin: muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage; insertion: apex of the arytenoid cartilage of the opposite side
364. Arytenoideus transversus(PNA; arytaenoideus transversus, BNA; pars transversa m. arytaenoidei, JNA; interarytenoideus proprius), transverse arytenoid muscle - unpaired muscle of the larynx, narrowing the posterior part of the glottis, located between the posterior surfaces and muscular processes of both arytenoid cartilages
365. Aryvocalis, aryngologalis muscle - see. Vocalis
366. Auricularis anterior(PNA, BNA; auricularis temporalis, JNA; epicranius superficialis), the anterior support muscle is a rudimentary muscle of the auricle, pulling it forward; beginning: tendon helmet and superficial layer of the temporal fascia; attachment: auricle
367. Auricularis nuchalis(JNA), auricular nuchal muscle - see. Auricularis posterior
368. Auricularis posterior(PNA, BNA; auricularis nuchalis, JNA; epicranius auricularis posterior), posterior auricular muscle - a rudimentary muscle of the auricle, pulling it posteriorly; beginning: mastoid process of the temporal and superior nuchal line of the occipital bone; attachment: auricle
369. Auricularis superior(PNA, BNA; pars parietalis m. epicranii temporoparietalis, JNA; epicranius auricularis superior), superior auricular muscle - a rudimentary muscle of the auricle, pulling it upward and pulling the tendon helmet; beginning: tendon helmet and superficial layer of the temporal fascia; attachment: auricle
370. Auricularis temporalis(JNA), temporal auricular muscle - see. Auricularis anterior
371. Biceps brachii(PNA, BNA, JNA; flexor antibrachii radialis, quadrigeminus brachiqi), biceps brachii - a muscle in the anterior region of the shoulder that flexes the forearm at the elbow joint, supinates the forearm, and is involved in abduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint; beginning: long head (caput longum) - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, short head (caput breve) - apex of the coracoid process of the scapula; insertion: tuberosity of the radius, fascia of the forearm
372. Biceps cruris, biceps surae muscle - see Biceps femoris
373. Biceps femoris(PNA, BNA, JNA; biceps cruris, flexor cruris externus), biceps femoris - a muscle of the posterior thigh that extends it, flexes the lower leg and rotates them outward; beginning: long head (caput longum) - ischial tuberosity, short head (caput breve) - lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur; insertion: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia and fascia of the leg
374. Biventer mandibulae(JNA), digastric muscle of the mandible - see. Digastricus
375. Biventer ossis hyoidei, digastric muscle of the hyoid bone - see Digastricus
376. Brachialis(PNA, BNA, JNA; brachialis anterior, brachialis internus, flexor antibrachii ulnaris), brachialis - a muscle in the anterior region of the shoulder that flexes the forearm at the elbow joint, slightly supinating it, and retracts the capsule of the elbow joint; beginning: anterior surface of the humerus from the deltoid tuberosity to the capsule of the elbow joint, medial and lateral intermuscular septa; insertion: tuberosity of the ulna
377. Brachialis anterior, anterior brachialis muscle - see Brachialis
378. Brachialis internus, internal brachialis muscle - see Brachialis
379. Brachialis posterior, posterior brachialis muscle - see Anconeus
380. Brachioradialis(PNA, BNA, JNA; supinator longus), brachioradialis muscle - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm, flexing it at the elbow joint and placing the radius in a mid-position between pronation and supination; origin: lateral edge of the humerus and lateral intercondylar septum; insertion: lateral surface of the radius proximal to the styloid process
381. Bronchoesophageus(PNA; bronchoesophageus, BNA; bronchoesophagicus, JNA), the bronchoesophageal muscle is a thin triangular muscular plate extending from the posterior wall of the left bronchus and intertwined on the left into the longitudinal muscular layer of the wall of the esophagus
382. Bronchoesophageus(BNA), bronchoesophageal muscle - see. Bronchoesophageus
383. Bronchoesophagicus(JNA), bronchoesophageal muscle - see. Bronchoesophageus
384. Buccae, cheek muscle - see Buccinator
385. Buccinator(PNA, BNA; buccinatorius, JNA; buccae), buccal muscle - a muscle of the buccal region of the face, pulling the corner of the mouth to the sides, pressing the cheek to the teeth, squeezing the cheeks, protecting the mucous membrane of the cheek from biting when chewing; beginning: alveolar process of the upper jaw, buccal ridge and alveolar part of the lower jaw, pterygomandibular suture; attachment: skin and mucous membrane of the corner of the mouth; passes into the orbicularis oris muscle
386. Buccinatorius(JNA), buccal muscle - see. Buccinator
387. Bulbocavemosus(BNA, JNA), bulbocavernosus muscle - see. Bulbospongiosus
388. Bulbospongiosus(PNA; bulbocavemosus, BNA, JNA; bulbourethralis, constrictor cunni, levator penis, pubocavemosus, sphincter vaginae), bulbospongiosus muscle - an unpaired muscle of the perineum, compressing the urethra in men, and the vestibule of the vagina in women; beginning: tendon center of the perineum, external anal sphincter, in men - the lower surface of the bulb of the penis; attachment: in men - the bulb of the penis, in women - the lower surface of the clitoris, the dorsum of the vestibular bulb, the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the vagina
389. Bulbourethralis, bulbourethral muscle - see. Bulbospongiosus
390. Caninus(BNA, JNA), canine muscle - see. Levator anguli oris
391. Cephalopharyngicus(JNA), cephalopharyngeal muscle - see.
392. Ceratocricoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA; cricothyreoideus posticus), cornicoid muscle - a non-permanent muscle bundle on the posterior surface of the cartilage of the larynx; beginning: plate of the cricoid cartilage and musculus cricoarytenoideus post.; insertion: inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
393. Chondroglossus(PNA, BNA), cartilaginous muscle - part of the fibers of m. hyoglossus; beginning: lesser horn of the hyoid bone; attachment: root of tongue
394. Ciliaris(PNA, BNA, JNA), ciliary muscle is a set of three groups of smooth muscle fibers: meridional (fibrae meridionales, Brücke’s muscle), radial (fibrae radiales, Ivanov’s muscle) and circular (fibrae circulares, Müller’s muscle), located in the thickness of the ciliary body and changing the tension of the lens capsule during the process of accommodation of the eye
395. Cleidohyoideus, claviohyoid muscle - see Stemohyoideus
396. Coccygeus(PNA, BNA; coccygicus, JNA; iliococcygeus), coccygeus muscle - a muscle of the pelvic diaphragm that strengthens the pelvic floor; beginning: ischial spine and pelvic surface, sacrospinous ligament; attachment: lateral edges of the IV, V sacral vertebrae and coccyx, sacrospinous ligament
397. Coccygicus(JNA), coccygeus muscle - see. Coccygeus
398. Constrictor cunni, muscle that compresses the genital fissure - see Bulbospongiosus
399. constrictor labiorum, muscle that compresses the lips - see Orbicularis oris
400. (PNA, BNA; laryngopharyngicus, JNA), inferior pharyngeal constrictor - a muscle of the posterolateral wall of the pharynx, narrowing its cavity; beginning: pars thyreopharyngea - from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, pars cricopharyngea - from the cricoid cartilage; attachment: suture of the pharynx on its back wall
401. Constrictor pharyngis medius(PNA, BNA; hyopharyngicus, JNA), middle pharyngeal constrictor - a muscle of the posterolateral wall of the pharynx, narrowing its cavity; beginning: pars chondropharyngea - from the lesser horn of the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament; pars ceratopharyngea - from the greater horn of the hyoid bone; attachment: suture of the pharynx on its back wall
402. Constrictor pharyngis superior(PNA, BNA; cephalopharyngicus, JNA), superior pharyngeal constrictor - a muscle of the posterolateral wall of the pharynx, narrowing its cavity; beginning: pars pterygopharyngea - from the medial plate and hook of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, pars buccopharyngea - from the buccal-pharyngeal fascia and pterygomandibular suture, pars mylopharyngea - from the mylohyoid line of the lower jaw, pars glossopharyngea - from the musculus transversus lingue; attachment: suture of the pharynx on its posterior wall, for the upper fibers - pharyngeal tubercle of the body of the occipital bone
403. Coracobrachialis(PNA, BNA, JNA; perforatus, levator humeri internus), coracobrachialis muscle - a muscle of the upper limb that flexes the shoulder at the shoulder joint and brings it to the midline; beginning: apex of the coracoid process of the scapula; insertion: medial surface of the humerus distal to the crest of the lesser tuberosity, medial intermuscular septum
404. Corrugator glabellae(JNA), muscle that corrugates the glabella - see. Corrugator supercilii
405. Corrugator menti, muscle that corrugates the chin - see Mentalis
406. Corrugator supercilii(PNA; corrugator glabellae, JNA; frontalis verus), muscle that wrinkles the eyebrow - facial
muscle that moves the eyebrows, forming longitudinal folds between them; beginning: nasal part of the frontal bone;
attachment: eyebrow skin
407. Costalis dorsi(BNA), rib muscle of the back - see. Iliocostalis thoracis
408. Cremaster(PNA, BNA, JNA; cremaster externus), the levator testis muscle is a muscle located along
spermatic cord; beginning: separate beams from m. obliquus internus abdominis, etc. transversus abdominis,
inguinal ligament and anterior vaginal wall m. rectus abdominis; insertion: around the testicle
409. Cremaster externus, external muscle, levator testis - see. Cremaster
410. Cricoarytaenoideus dorsalis(JNA), dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle - see. Cricoarytenoideus posterior
411. Cricoarytenoideus lateral is (PNA), lateral cricoarytenoid muscle - a muscle of the larynx that narrows the glottis; beginning: cricoid arch and cricothyroid ligament; insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
412. Cricoarytenoideus posterior(PNA; cricoarytaenoideus dorsalis, JNA; cricoarytenoideus posticus), posterior cricoarytenoid muscle - a laryngeal muscle that expands the glottis; beginning: plate of cricoid cartilage; insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
413. Cricothyreoideus anticus, anterior cricothyroid muscle - see Cricothyroideus
414. Cricothyreoideus posticus, posterior cricothyroid muscle - see Ceratocricoideus
415. Cricothyroideus(PNA; cricothyreoideus anticus), cricothyroid muscle - muscle of the larynx, tensor
vocal cords; origin: arch of cricoid cartilage; attachment: plate and lower horn of the thyroid cartilage
416. Cubitoradialis, ulnarradialis muscle - see Pronator quadratus
417. Custos virginum, muscle “guardian of virginity” - see. Adductor magnus
418. Cutaneus manus, cutaneous muscle of the arm - see Palmaris brevis
419. Deltoides(JNA), deltoid muscle - see. Deltoideus
420. Deltoideus(PNA, BNA; deltoides, JNA; elevator humeri), deltoid muscle - a muscle that occupies the deltoid region of the upper limb, abducts the shoulder in the shoulder joint to a horizontal position, the anterior bundles take the arm forward and slightly rotate it inward, and the posterior bundles take the arm back to angle 45° and rotate outward:
beginning: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, sometimes infraspinatus fascia; insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
421. Dentatus posterior superior, serratus posterior superior - see Serratus posterior superior
422. Dentatus posterior inferior, serratus posterior inferior - see Serratus posterior inferior
423. Depressor anguli oris(PNA; triangularis, BNA, JNA; depressor labiorum communis, angularis oris inferior, pyramidalis menti), muscle that lowers the corner of the mouth - a facial muscle that lowers the corner of the mouth and pulls it outward; beginning: the lower edge of the lower jaw outward from the mental tubercle; attachment: skin of the corner of the mouth
424. Depressor capitis supercilii(JNA), muscle that lowers the head of the eyebrow - see. Depressor superciiii
425. Depressor epiglottidis, muscle that depresses the epiglottis - see Aryepigiotticus
426. Depressor giabeiiae(JNA), muscle that lowers the glabella - see. Procerus
427. Depressor labii inferioris(PNA; quadratus labii inferioris, BNA; quadratus labii mandibularis, JNA; quadratus inferior, quadratus menti, depressor labii inferioris proprius, mentolabialis), muscle that lowers the lower lip - a facial muscle that pulls the lower lip down and laterally; beginning: lower edge of the lower jaw, platysma; attachment: skin of lower lip
428. Depressor labii inferioris proprius, own muscle, depressing the lower lip - see. Depressor labii inferioris
429. Depressor labiorum communis, common muscle, depressor labii - see. Depressor anguli oris
430. Depressor ossis hyoidei, muscle that depresses the hyoid bone - see Sternohyoideus
431. Depressor septi mobilis narium, muscle that lowers the movable septum of the nostrils - see Depressor septi nasi
432. Depressor septi nasi(PNA, BNA; origo nasalis m. orbicularis oris, JNA; depressor septi mobilis narium, nasalis labii superioris, nasolabialis), muscle that lowers the nasal septum - a facial muscle that lowers the tip of the nose; beginning: alveolar eminence of the upper medial incisor and musculus orbicularis oris; attachment: skin and cartilage of the nasal septum
433. Depressor supercilii(PNA; depressor capitis supercilii, JNA; superciliaris medialis), muscle that lowers the eyebrow - facial muscle that lowers the eyebrow; beginning: frontal belly of musculus epicranius; attachment: skin of the back of the nose
434. Depressor vesicae urinariae, Pubovesical
435. Depressor vesicalis, muscle that depresses the bladder - see Pubovesical
436. Diaphragma(PNA, BNA, JNA; diaphragmaticus, phrenicus), diaphragm is a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and is involved in breathing; beginning: the sternal part (pars sternalis) - the xiphoid process of the sternum, the costal part (pars costalis) - the inner surface of the VII - XII ribs, the lumbar part (pars lumbalis) - the XII thoracic, I - IV lumbar vertebrae, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments; attachment (of muscle fibers): tendon center of the diaphragm
437. Diaphragma oris, mouth diaphragm - see Mylohyoideus
438. Diaphragma pelvis(PNA, BNA, JNA), pelvic diaphragm - the general name of the muscles (m. levator ani, musculus pubococcygeus, musculus levator prostatae, musculus puborectalis, musculus iliococcygeus) forming the pelvic floor
439. Diaphragma urogenitale(PNA, BNA, JNA), muscular-fascial plate located under the pubis
symphysis, formed by m. transervus perinei profundus, musculus sphincter urethrae and the fascia covering them, through which the vagina and urethra pass; in men it contains the bulbourethral gland, in women it contains the large gland of the vestibule
440. Digastricus(PNA, BNA; biventer mandibulae, JNA; digastricus maxillae inferioris, biventer ossis hyoidei), digastric muscle - a muscle in the anterior region of the neck that elevates the hyoid bone and lowers the lower jaw; beginning: anterior abdomen (venter ant.) - digastric fossa of the lower jaw, posterior abdomen (venter post.) - mastoid notch of the temporal bone; insertion: body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
441. Digastricus maxillae inferioris; digastric muscle of the mandible - see Digastricus
442. Digitorum manus profundi, deep muscles of the fingers - see Interossei palmares
443. Dilatator pharyngis, pharyngeal dilator - see Stylopharyngeus
444. Dilatator pupillae(PNA, BNA, JNA), pupil dilator - a set of smooth muscle fibers located radially in the iris of the eye and dilate the pupil
445. Dilatator tubae Eustachii, Eustachian tube dilator - see Tensor veli palatini
446. Director penis, muscle that guides the penis - see Ischiocavernosus
447. Dorsalis maximus, large muscle of the back - see Latissimus dor si
448. Elevator humeri, muscle that lifts the shoulder - see Deltoideus
449. epicranii(JNA), supracranial muscle - see. Epicranius
450. Epicranius(PNA, BNA, epicranii, JNA), supracranii muscle - a muscle of the cranial vault that moves the tendon helmet and the skin of the scalp, raises the eyebrows and collects the skin of the forehead into transverse folds; beginning: occipital belly (venter occipitalis) - the upper nuchal line of the occipital bone with the transition to the tendon helmet; frontal abdomen (venter frontalis) - a tendon helmet with eyebrows woven into the skin
451. Epicranius auricularis posterior, posterior auricular supracranial muscle - see Auricularis posterior
452. Epicranius auricularis superior, superior auricular supracranial muscle - see Auricularis superior
453. Epicranius superficialis, superficial supracranial muscle - see Auricularis anterior
454. Epitrochleoanconaeus(BNA) - see Anconeus
455. erector penis, muscle that straightens the penis - see Ischiocavernosus
456.Erector spinae(PNA; sacrospinalis, BNA, JNA), the muscle that straightens the trunk is the general name for a group of muscles,
erector muscles: musculus iliocostalis, musculus longissimus, musculus spinalis
457.Extensor abductorius, abductor extensor - see Extensor carpi ulnaris
458. (PNA, BNA, JNA; extensor carpi rectus), short extensor carpi radialis - a muscle of the posterior region of the forearm that extends the hand; beginning: lateral condyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of the radius; attachment: base III. and sometimes the second metacarpal bone
459. (PNA, BNA, JNA; radialis externus longus, radialis externus primus), long extensor carpi radialis - a muscle in the posterior region of the forearm that extends the hand, abducts it to the radial side and flexes the forearm; origin: lateral edge of the humerus, lateral epicondyle and lateral intermuscular septum; attachment: base of the second metacarpal bone
460. Extensor carpi rectus, extensor carpi rectus - see Extensor carpi radialis brevis
461. Extensor carpi ulnaris(PNA, BNA, JNA; extensor abductorius), extensor carpi ulnaris - a muscle of the posterior forearm that extends the hand and abducts it to the ulnar side; origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, posterior edge of the ulna and fascia of the forearm; insertion: tuberosity of the fifth metacarpal bone
462. Extensor digiti minimi(PNA; extensor digiti quinti proprius, BNA, JNA), extensor of the little finger - a muscle of the posterior region of the forearm that extends the little finger; origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, lateral intermuscular septum, annular ligament of the radius and fascia of the forearm; attachment: base of the distal and middle phalanges of the little finger together with the tendon of m. extensor digitorum manus
463. Extensor digiti quinti proprius(BNA, JNA), extensor muscle of the fifth finger - see. Extensor digiti minimi
464. Extensor digitorum brevis pedis(PNA, BNA, JNA), short extensor of the toes - a muscle of the dorsum of the foot, extending the II - IV fingers in the metatarsophalangeal joints and abducting them outward; origin: dorsum of the calcaneus and inferior retinaculum of the extensor tendons; attachment: dorsal aponeuroses of fingers II - IV
465. Extensor digitorum communis(BNA, JNA), extensor digitorum communis - see. Extensor digitorum manus
466. Extensor digitorum communis longus pedis, common long extensor of the toes - see.
467. Extensor digitorum longus pedis(PNA, BNA, JNA; extensor digitorum communis longus pedis, extensor digitorum pedis sublimis), long extensor of the toes - a muscle of the anterior region of the lower leg, extending the foot and II - V fingers, pronating and abducting the foot outward; origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, head and anterior edge of the fibula, interosseous membrane, anterior intermuscular septum and fascia of the leg; attachment: dorsal aponeurosis of fingers II - V
468. Extensor digitorum manus(PNA; extensor digitorum communis, BNA, JNA; extensor digitorum radialis), extensor digitorum radialis - a muscle in the posterior region of the forearm that extends the II - V fingers and the entire hand; origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of the radius and fascia of the forearm; attachment: base of the distal and middle phalanges of the II - V fingers
469. Extensor digitorum manus profundus, extensor digitorum profundus - see Extensor indicis
470.Extensor digitorum pedis sublimis, superficial extensor of the toes - see. Extensor digitorum longus pedis
471. Extensor digitorum radialis, extensor digitorum radialis - see Extensor digitorum manus
472. Extensor hallucis brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA), extensor hallucis brevis - a muscle of the dorsum of the foot that extends the big toe and pulls it outward: origin: dorsum of the calcaneus and inferior retinaculum of the extensor tendons; insertion: proximal phalanx of the thumb
473. Extensor hallucis longus(PNA, BNA, JNA), extensor hallucis longus - a muscle of the anterior region of the leg that extends the big toe and is involved in extension and supination of the foot; beginning: medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane; insertion: distal phalanx of the fifth finger
474. Extensor indicis(PNA; extensor indicis proprius, BNA, JNA; extensor digitorum manus profundus, indicator), extensor index finger - muscle of the posterior forearm that extends the index finger; origin: posterior surface of the ulna; attachment: dorsal aponeurosis of the second finger
475. Extensor indicis proprius(BNA, JNA), extensor of the index finger - see. Extensor indicis
476. Extensor pollicis brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA; extensor pollicis minor), short extensor pollicis - a muscle of the posterior forearm that extends and partially abducts the thumb; beginning: interosseous edge of the ulna, interosseous membrane, posterior surface of the radius; insertion: proximal phalanx of the thumb
477. Extensor pollicis longus(PNA, BNA, JNA), extensor pollicis longus - a muscle of the posterior forearm that extends and partially adducts the thumb; beginning: interosseous edge of the ulna and interosseous edge and posterior surface of the radius; insertion: distal phalanx of the thumb
478. Extensor pollicis minor, extensor pollicis minor - see Extensor pollicis brevis
479. Extensores interossei, interosseous extensors - see Interossei dorsales manus
480. femoris internus, inner thigh muscle - see Gracilis
481. Fibularis brevis(JNA), peroneus brevis muscle - see. Peroneus brevis
482. Fibularis longus(JNA), peroneus longus muscle - see. Peroneus longus
483. Fibularis tertius(JNA), third peroneal muscle - see. Peroneus tertius
484. Flexor accessorius(PNA), accessory flexor - see. Quadratus plantae
485. Flexor antibrachii radialis, flexor radialis of the forearm - see Biceps brachii
486. Flexor antibrachii ulnaris, flexor ulnaris forearm - see Brachialis
487. Flexor carpi radialis(PNA, BNA, JNA; radialis internus, radialis anterior, radialis anticus, flexor manus radialis), flexor carpi radialis - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm, flexing and abducting the hand, slightly pronating it; beginning: medial epicondyle of the humerus, intermuscular septa, fascia of the forearm; attachment: palmar surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone
488. Flexor carpi ulnaris(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor carpi ulnaris - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm that flexes and adducts the hand; beginning: humeral head (caput humerale) - medial epicondyle of the humerus and medial intermuscular membrane; ulnar head (caput ulnare) - olecranon, posterior surface of the ulna, fascia of the forearm; attachment: pisiform bone, and through the pisiform-hocate and pisiform-metacarpal ligaments - the hamate and V metacarpal bones
489. Flexor cruris externus, External flexor of the tibia - see Biceps femoris
490. (PNA: flexor digiti quinti manus, BNA, JNA; flexor digiti minimi manus), short flexor of the little finger of the hand - a muscle of the palm that flexes the proximal phalanx of the little finger and adducts it; beginning: hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum; insertion: proximal phalanx of the fifth finger
491. (PNA; flexor digiti quinti brevis pedis, BNA, JNA), short flexor of the little toe - a muscle of the sole of the foot that flexes the little toe, retracts it to the side and strengthens the longitudinal arch of the foot; beginning: base of the fifth metatarsal bone, long plantar ligament and tendon sheath musculus peroneus longus; attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger
492. Flexor digiti minimi manus, flexor of the little finger of the hand (own) - see. Flexor digiti minimi brevis manus
493. Flexor digiti quinti brevis pedis(BNA, JNA), short flexor of the fifth toe - see. Flexor digiti minimi brevis pedis
494. Flexor digiti quinti manus(BNA, JNA), flexor of the fifth finger - see. Flexor digiti minimi brevis manus
495. Flexor digitorum brevis pedis(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor toe brevis - muscle of the sole of the foot that flexes the toes; beginning: calcaneal tubercle and plantar aponeurosis; attachment: middle phalanges of fingers II - V
496. Flexor digitorum communis profundus, flexor digitorum profundus - see
497. (PNA, BNA, JNA; lexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum perforans pedis, flexor tibialis), long flexor of the toes - a muscle of the posterior region of the leg, flexing the fingers and foot, bringing it inward and supinating; beginning: posterior surface of the tibia and interosseous membrane; attachment: distal phalanges of fingers II - V
498. Flexor digitorum perforans pedis, perforating flexor toes - see Flexor digitorum longus pedis
499. Flexor digitorum perforatus, perforating flexor digitorum - see
500. Flexor digitorum profundus manus(PNA, BNA, JNA; flexor digitorum communis profundus), deep flexor of the fingers - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm, flexing the distal phalanges of the II - V fingers, with a strong contraction flexing the hand; beginning: anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane; attachment: distal phalanges of fingers II - V
501. Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum profundus - see Flexor digitorum longus pedis
502. Flexor digitorum sublimis(BNA), flexor digitorum superficialis - see. Flexor digitorum super ficialis manus
503. Flexor digitorum superficialis manus(PNA, JNA; flexor digitorum sublimis, BNA; flexor digitorum perforatus), superficial flexor of the fingers - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm, flexing the middle and proximal phalanges of the II - V fingers, with strong contraction participating in the flexion of the hand; beginning: humeroulnar head (caput humeroulnare) - medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna, radial head (caput radiate) - upper part of the radius; attachment: middle phalanges of fingers II - V
504. Flexor hallucis brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor hallucis brevis - muscle of the sole of the foot that flexes the big toe; origin: medial cuneiform bone and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament; attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe, sesamoid bones of the first metatarsophalangeal joint
505. Flexor hallucis longus(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor hallucis longus - a muscle of the posterior region of the leg that flexes the big toe and foot in the plantar direction, supinates and adducts it; Start:
posterior surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane and posterior intermuscular membrane; attachment:
base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
506. Flexor manus radialis, flexor carpi radialis - see Flexor carpi radialis
507. Flexor pollicis brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor pollicis brevis - a palm muscle that flexes the proximal phalanx of the thumb and somewhat opposes it; beginning: superficial head (caput superficiafe) - flexor retinaculum, deep head (caput profundum) - trapezium bone, trapezoid and capitate bones, base of the first metacarpal bone; attachment: sesamoid bones of the first metacarpophalangeal joint, base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
508. Flexor pollicis longus(PNA, BNA, JNA), flexor pollicis longus - a muscle in the anterior region of the forearm that flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb and is involved in flexion of the hand; origin: anterior surface of the radius distal to the tuberosity, interosseous membrane, often medial epicondyle of the humerus; insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
509. Flexor tibialis, tibial flexor - see Flexor digitorum longus pedis
510. frontalis verus, true frontalis muscle - see Corrugator supercilii
511. Gastrocnemius(PNA, BNA, JNA; gemelli surae), gastrocnemius muscle - a muscle of the posterior region of the leg, which is part of the musculus triceps surae; origin: popliteal surface, medial and lateral condyles of the femur, capsule of the knee joint; attachment: calcaneal tendon to the tubercle of the calcaneus along with m. soleus and musculus plantaris
512. Gastrocnemius internus, internal gastrocnemius muscle - see Soleus
513. Gemelli surae, Gemini surae muscle - see Gastrocnemius
514. Gemellus inferior(PNA, BNA; gemellus tuberalis, JNA), the inferior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the gluteal region that rotates the thigh outward; origin: ischial tuberosity of the ischium; insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
515. Gemellus spinalis(JNA), gemellus spinalis - see. Gemellus superior
516. Gemellus superior(PNA, BNA; gemellus spinalis, JNA), superior gemellus muscle - a muscle of the gluteal region that rotates the thigh outward; origin: ischial spine of the ischium; insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
517. Gemellus tuberalis(JNA), gemellus tuberosity - see. Gemellus inferior
518. Genioglossus(PNA, BNA, JNA), genioglossus muscle - a muscle of the tongue that, with unilateral contraction, deflects it to the side, with bilateral contraction, it pushes it forward; beginning: mental spine of the lower jaw; attachment: mucous membrane of the tongue; the lower bundles are attached to the epiglottis and hyoid bone
519. Geniohyoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA), geniohyoid muscle - a muscle in the anterior region of the neck, located above the hyoid bone, pulling it up and forward and lowering the lower jaw; beginning: mental spine of the lower jaw; insertion: body of the hyoid bone
520. Glossopalatinus(BNA, JNA), glossopalatine muscle - see. Palatoglossus
521. Glutaeus anterior, gluteus anterior muscle - see Tensor fasciae latae
522. Glutaeus lateralis lateral gluteal muscle - see. Tensor fasciae latae
523. Glutaeus profundus, deep gluteal muscle - see Gluteus minimus
524. glutaeus tertius, third gluteal muscle - see Gluteus minimus
525. gluteus maximus(PNA, BNA, JNA), gluteus maximus - a muscle of the gluteal region that extends the thigh, rotates it slightly outward and strains the fascia of the thigh; when standing, straightens the body bent forward; beginning: ilium, lateral edge of the sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament; insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur, fascia lata of the femur
526. Gluteus medius(PNA, BNA, JNA), gluteus medius - a muscle of the gluteal region that abducts the free leg, the anterior bundles rotate the thigh inward, the posterior bundles rotate outward; when standing, tilts the body to its side; beginning: outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines, iliac crest, fascia lata; insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
527. Gluteus minimus(PNA, BNA, JNA; gluteus profundus, glutaeus tertius), gluteus minimus - a muscle of the gluteal region that abducts the hip, tilting the pelvis to the side when standing; origin: outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines; insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
528. Gracilis(PNA, BNA, JNA; gracilis intemus, adductor gracilis, femoralis intemus), gracilis muscle - the muscle of the anterior thigh, adducting the thigh, flexing the tibia and turning it inward; origin: inferior ramus of the pubis; insertion: tibial tuberosity and crural fascia
529. Gracilis intemus, Internal gracilis muscle - see Gracilis
530. Helicis major(PNA, BNA, JNA), the large muscle of the helix - the muscle of the auricle, pulling the anterior part,
curl downwards; beginning: spine of the helix; attachment: elevation of the triangular fossa of the auricle
531. Helicis minor(PNA, BNA, JNA), minor muscle of the helix - muscle of the auricle, pulling the anterior part of the helix
downwards; beginning: fissure of helix; attachment: peduncle of helix
532. Hyoglossus(PNA, BNA, JNA), hypoglossal muscle - the muscle of the tongue that pulls it down and back;
beginning: superolateral part of the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone; attachment: back and edge of tongue
533. Hyopharyngicus(JNA), hypoglossopharyngeal muscle - see. Constrictor pharyngis medius
534. Iliacus(PNA, BNA; ilicus, JNA; iliacus internus), iliacus muscle - part of m. iliopsoas; origin: ileum
fossa, superior and inferior anterior iliac spines; insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
535. Iliacus extemus, external iliac muscle - see Pyramidalis abdominis
536. Iliacus externus piriformis, piriformis external iliac muscle - see Piriformis
537. Iliacus internus, internal iliac muscle - see Iliacus
538. Ilicus (JNA), iliacus muscle - see Iliacus
539. Iliococcygeus, iliococcygeus muscle - see Coccygeus
540. Iliocostalis(PNA, BNA, JNA; sacrolumbalis, lumbocostalis), iliocostalis muscle - a set of muscles that, with unilateral contraction, bend around the torso and neck in their direction, and with bilateral contraction, straighten the torso and neck bent forward; distinguish between musculus iliocostalis cervicis, musculus iliocostalis thoracis, musculus iliocostalis lumborum
541. Iliocostalis cervicis(PNA, BNA), iliocostal muscle of the neck - part of the musculus iliocostalis; beginning: corners of III - IV ribs; attachment: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the III - IV cervical vertebrae
542. Iliocostalis dorsi(BNA), iliocostalis dorsi muscle - see. Iliocostalis thoracis
543. Iliocostalis lumborum(PNA, BNA), iliocostal lumbar muscle - part of the musculus liocostalis; origin: lateral sacral crest, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia; attachment: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, deep layer of the thoracolumbar fascia, corners of the VI - IX ribs
544. Iliocostalis thoracis(PNA; iliocostalis dorsi, BNA; costalis dorsi), iliocostalis muscle of the chest - part of m.
iliocostalis; beginning: corners of VII - XII ribs; attachment: corners of V - VII ribs
545. Iliopsoas(PNA, BNA, JNA), iliopsoas muscle - a muscle consisting of m. iliacus, etc. psoas major, flexing the thigh, pulling it towards the stomach and turning slightly to the lateral side; with a fixed lower limb, bends the pelvis and torso anteriorly; beginning: iliac fossa, superior and inferior anterior iliac spines, lateral surface of the body and transverse process of the XII thoracic, I - IV lumbar vertebrae; insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
546. Iliotibialis, iliotibial muscle - see Tensor fasciae latae
547. Incisivus inferior, lower incisor muscle - see Mentalis
548. Incisurae helicis(PNA, JNA; incisurae helicis Santorini, BNA), the muscle of the helical notch is a non-permanent rudimentary muscle of the auricle; beginning: cartilage of the external auditory canal; attachment: anterior surface of the tragus
549. Incisurae helicis Santorini, muscle of the helix notch (Santorini) - see. Incisurae helicis
550. Indicator index muscle - see Extensor indicis
551. Infra spinam(JNA), infraspinatus muscle - see. Infraspinatus
552. Infrascapularis subscapularis muscle - see Subscapulars
553. Infraspinatus(PNA, BNA; infra spinam, JNA), infraspinatus muscle - a muscle of the scapular region that rotates the shoulder
outward and moving the raised arm back; beginning: infraspinatus fossa of the scapula and infraspinatus fascia; attachment:
greater tubercle of the humerus
554. Interarytaenoideus obliquus, oblique interarytenoid muscle - see Arytenoideus obliquus
555. Interarytaenoideus proprius, own interarytenoid muscle - see. Arytenoideus transversus
556. Intercostales extemi(PNA, BNA, JNA), external intercostal muscles - muscles of the intercostal spaces that elevate the ribs, participating in the act of breathing during inhalation: beginning: the lower edge of the overlying rib from the tubercle of the rib to the beginning of the costal cartilage; insertion: upper edge of underlying rib
557. Intercostales intemi(PNA, BNA, JNA), internal intercostal muscles - muscles of the intercostal spaces,
depressing ribs, participating in the act of breathing during exhalation; origin: upper edge of the underlying rib from the sternum to
rib angle; attachment: lower edge of overlying rib
558. Intercostales intimate(PNA, BNA, JNA), the innermost intercostal muscles - muscle bundles that occupy the deepest position in the intercostal spaces
559. Intercostales lumbales(JNA), lumbar intercostal muscles - see. Intertransversarii laterales et mediates lumborum
560. Intercostotransversarii cervicales(JNA), cervical intercostal transverse muscles - see.
561. Intercostotransversarii ventrales(JNA), ventral intercostal transverse muscles - see.
562. Interossei dorsales manus(PNA, BNA, JNA; extensores interossei), dorsal interosseous muscles of the hand - muscles located between the metacarpal bones of the hand, abducting the II and IV fingers from the III, flexing the proximal and extending the middle and distal phalanges of the II, III and IV fingers; beginning: dorsal surfaces of the I - V metacarpal bones;
attachment: dorsal aponeuroses and capsules of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the II, III and IV fingers
563. Interossei dorsales pedis(PNA, BNA, JNA), dorsal interosseous muscles of the foot - muscles located between the metatarsal bones, flexing the proximal, slightly extending the middle and distal phalanges of the II - IV fingers, abducting the II finger in both directions, III and IV - towards the little finger, involved in strengthening the arch of the foot;
origin (of each muscle): two heads from adjacent metatarsal bones; insertion: proximal phalanges II -
IV fingers (II - on the lateral and medial side, III and IV - on the lateral side)
564. Interossei palmares(PNA; interossei volares, BNA, JNA; digitorum manus profundi), palmar interosseous muscles - muscles located between the metacarpal bones, leading the II, IV and V fingers to the axis of the hand passing through the III finger, flexing the proximal and extending the middle and distal phalanges II, IV and V fingers; beginning: ulnar surface II, radial surface of IV and V metacarpal bones; attachment: proximal phalanges of the metacarpophalangeal joints and dorsal aponeuroses of the II, IV and V fingers
565. Interossei plantares(PNA, BNA, JNA), plantar interosseous muscles - muscles located between the metatarsal bones of the foot; bending the proximal phalanges of the third and fifth fingers and bringing them closer to the second finger;
beginning: III - V metatarsal bones and long plantar ligament; attachment: medial surface of the proximal phalanges and dorsal aponeuroses of the III - V fingers
566. Interossei volares(BNA, JNA), palmar interosseous muscles - see. Interossei palmares
567. Interspinals(PNA, BNA, JNA), interspinous muscles - muscle bundles between the spinous processes of the vertebrae that extend the spine bent forward; distinguish: mm. interspinales cervicis, mm. interspinales thoracis, mm. interspinales lumborum
568. Interspinales cervicis(PNA, JNA), interspinous muscles of the neck - part mm. interspinales, extensor cervical spine; beginning: lower surface of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae; attachment: superior surface of the spinous processes of the underlying vertebrae
569. Interspinales lumborum(PNA), interspinous muscles of the lumbar region - part mm. interspinales, extensor lumbar spine; beginning: lower surface of the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae;
attachment: superior surface of the spinous processes of the underlying vertebrae
570. Interspinales thoracis(PNA), interspinous muscles of the chest - part mm. interspinales, extensor thoracic spine; beginning: lower surface of the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae; attachment: upper surface of the spinous processes of the underlying thoracic vertebrae, except IV - X
571. Intertransversarii anteriores(BNA), anterior intertransverse muscles - see. Intertransversarii anteriores cervicis
572. Intertransversarii anteriores cervicis(PNA; intertransversarii anteriores, BNA; intercostotransversarii ventrales, JNA), anterior intertransverse neck muscles - neck muscles that flex the cervical spine in their direction; beginning: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes; attachment: homonymous tubercles of the underlying cervical vertebrae
573. Intertransversarii laterales et mediales(BNA), lateral and medial intertransverse muscles - see.
574. Intertransversarii dorsales thoracales(BNA), dorsal intertransverse thoracic muscles - see. Intertransversarii
thoracis
575. Intertransversarii laterales et mediales lumborum(PNA; intertransversarii laterales et mediales, BNA; intercostales lumbales, JNA), lateral and medial intertransverse lumbar muscles - muscles of the lower back that flex the lumbar spine in their direction; beginning: mastoid processes of the lumbar vertebrae; attachment: mastoid and accessory processes of adjacent lumbar vertebrae
576. Intertransversarii posteriores(BNA), posterior intertransverse muscles - see. Intertransversarii posteriores cervicis
577. Intertransversarii posteriores cervicis(PNA; intertransversarii posteriores, BNA; intercostotransversarii cervicales, JNA), posterior intertransverse neck muscles - neck muscles that flex the cervical spine in the posterolateral direction; beginning: transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae; attachment: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the II - VII cervical vertebrae, transverse process of the first thoracic vertebra, tubercle and neck of the first rib
578. Intertransversarii thoracis(PNA; intertransversarii dorsales thoracales, BNA), intertransverse muscles of the chest - muscles of the spine that bend its thoracic region in their direction; beginning: transverse processes of I - X thoracic vertebrae; attachment: transverse processes of adjacent thoracic vertebrae (II - XI)
579. Ischiocavernosus(PNA, BNA, JNA; director penis, erector penis), ischiocavernosus muscle - a perineal muscle that compresses the corpus cavernosum and compresses the dorsal vein of the penis or clitoris; origin: ischial tuberosity and inferior ramus of the ischium; attachment: tunica albuginea of ​​the corpus cavernosum of the penis or clitoris
580. Laryngopharyngicus(JNA), pharyngolarynx muscle - see. Constrictor pharyngis inferior
581. Latissimus dorsi(PNA, BNA, JNA; dorsalis maximus), latissimus dorsi - a back muscle that lowers the shoulder and pulls it back and medially with simultaneous internal rotation; beginning: spinous processes of the last four to six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, dorsal surface of the sacrum, posterior part of the iliac crest, four lower ribs; insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
582. Levator angularis oris superior, superior muscle, levator anguli oris - see. Levator anguli oris
583. Levator anguli oris(PNA; caninus, BNA, JNA; levator angularis oris superior, levator labiorum communis), the levator anguli oris muscle is a facial muscle that pulls the angle of the mouth upward; beginning: canine fossa of the upper jaw; attachment: skin of the corner of the mouth
584. Levator ani(PNA, BNA, JNA; levator intestini recti, diaphragma pelvis), levator ani muscle -
the pelvic floor muscle, which lifts the perineum, lifts and narrows the anus, and in women narrows the vagina; beginning: superior branch of the pubis, ischial spine, obturator fascia and tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia; attachment: covers the rectum from behind and attaches to the coccyx, some of the fibers are woven into the wall of the rectum
585. Levator humeri internus, internal muscle that lifts the shoulder - see Coracobrachialis
586. Levator intestini recti, levator rectus muscle - see Levator ani
587. Levator labii inferioris, muscle that lifts the lower lip - see Mentalis
588. Levator labii superioris(PNA; caput infraorbitale m. quadrati labii superioris, BNA; levator nasi et labii maxillaris lateralis, JNA), the muscle that lifts the upper lip is a facial muscle that lifts the upper lip and deepens the nasolabial fold; beginning: infraorbital margin of the maxilla; attachment: skin of the upper lip
589. (PNA; caput angulare m. quadrati labii superioris, BNA; levator nasi et labii maxillaris medialis, JNA), the muscle that lifts the upper lip and the wing of the nose - the facial muscle that lifts the upper lip and the wing of the nose; origin: frontal process of the maxilla; attachment: skin of the cheek, upper lip and wing of the nose
590. Levator labiorum communis, common muscle, levator labii - see. Levator anguli oris
591. Levator menti, muscle that lifts the chin - see Mentalis
592. Levator nasi et labii maxillaris lateralis, lateral muscle, levator nasi and upper lip - see. Levator labii
superioris
593. Levator nasi et labii maxillaris medialis(JNA), the medial muscle that lifts the nose and upper lip - see.
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
594. Levator palpebrae superioris(PNA, BNA, JNA; orbitopalpebralis), muscle that lifts the upper eyelid - muscle
orbital socket, levator upper eyelid; origin: sphenoid bone around the optic canal and vagina
optic nerve; attachment: cartilage of the upper eyelid
595. Levator penis, muscle that lifts the penis - see Bulbospongiosus
596. Levator scapulae(PNA, BNA, JNA), the levator scapulae muscle is a muscle in the back of the neck that elevates the scapula and brings it closer to the midline; beginning: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae; attachment: upper angle of scapula
597. Levator veli palatini(PNA, BNA, JNA), the levator velum palatine muscle is the muscle of the soft palate that lifts it, expanding the pharynx and narrowing the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube; beginning: the lower surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube; attachment: connects to the fibers of the same muscle of the opposite side along the midline of the soft palate
598. (PNA, BNA; transversocostales breves et longi, JNA), the short and long muscles that lift the ribs are the muscles of the chest involved in the lateral flexion of the spine; beginning: transverse processes of the VII cervical - XI thoracic vertebrae; attachment: musculi levatores costarum breves to adjacent ribs on their posterior surface, musculi levatores costarum longi - through one rib in the lower thoracic spine
599. Longissimus(PNA, BNA, JNA; semispinatus, transversalis), the longest muscle is a muscle that, with unilateral contraction, turns the torso and tilts the head in its direction, and with bilateral contraction, it straightens the spine bent forward and straightens the head; distinguish: musculus longissimus capitis, musculus longissimus cervicis, musculus longissimus thoracis
600. Longissimus capitis(PNA, BNA, JNA), longissimus capitis muscle - part of m. longissimus, deflecting head
back; beginning: transverse processes of III - VII cervical vertebrae; insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
601. Longissimus cervicis(PNA, BNA, JNA), longissimus colli muscle - part of m. longissimus, extensor cervical spine; beginning: transverse processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae; attachment:
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the II - V cervical vertebrae
602. Longissimus dorsi(BNA, JNA), longissimus dorsi muscle - see. Longissimus thoracis
603. Longissimus thoracis(PNA; longissimus dorsi, BNA, JNA) - longissimus pectoralis muscle - part of m. longissimus,
extensor of the thoracic spine; beginning: spinous, accessory and mastoid processes of the upper sacral, lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; attachment: angles of ribs II - XII, transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
604. (PNA, BNA; longitudinalis profundus, JNA), lower longitudinal muscle of the tongue - muscle bundles that shorten the tongue, arching its back upward, located in the lower part of the tongue in the sagittal direction on both sides of the longitudinal septum of the tongue
605. Longitudinalis profundus(JNA), deep muscle of the tongue - see. Longitudinalis inferior linguae
606. Longitudina Jis superficialis(JNA), superficial muscle of the tongue - see.
607. Longitudinalis superior linguae(PNA, BNA; longitudinalis superficialis, JNA), superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue - muscle bundles that shorten the tongue, arching its surface in the sagittal direction, and elevating the tip of the tongue, located in the upper part of the tongue in the sagittal direction from its root to the tip
608. Longus capitis(PNA, BNA, JNA), longus capitis muscle - neck muscle, tilting bilaterally
contraction of the head and cervical spine forward; beginning: anterior tubercles of transverse processes III - IV
cervical vertebrae; insertion: basilar part of the occipital bone
609. Longus colli(PNA, BNA, JNA), longus colli muscle - a muscle of the neck that tilts the neck to the side with unilateral contraction, and forward with bilateral contraction; beginning: the medial part - the bodies of the I - III thoracic and V - VII cervical vertebrae, the upper oblique part - the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the II - V cervical vertebrae, the lower oblique part - the bodies of the upper thoracic vertebrae; attachment: the medial part - the body of the II - V cervical vertebrae, the upper oblique part - the anterior tubercle of the atlas and the body of the axial vertebra, the lower oblique part - the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the V - VII cervical vertebrae
610. Lumbocostalis, lumbocostal muscle - see Iliocostalis
611. Lumbricales manus(PNA, BNA, JNA), lumbrical muscles of the hand - muscles of the palmar surface of the hand, flexing the proximal and extending the middle and distal phalanges of the II - V fingers; beginning: tendons musculus flexor digitorum profundus; attachment: radial surface of the dorsal aponeurosis of fingers II - V
612. Lumbricales pedis(PNA, BNA, JNA), lumbrical muscles of the foot - muscles of the plantar surface of the foot that flex the proximal phalanges of the toes and pull them towards the big toe; extension of the middle and distal phalanges is weakly expressed; origin: flexor digitorum longus tendon; attachment: proximal phalanges and dorsal aponeuroses of fingers II - V
613. Mandibularis externus, external mandibular muscle - see Masseter
614. Masseter(PNA, BNA, JNA; mandibularis externus), masticatory muscle - a muscle of the lateral region of the face that lifts the lower jaw and pushes it forward; beginning: lower edge and inner surface of the zygomatic arch, temporal fascia; attachment: chewing tuberosity of the lower jaw
615. Masseter internus, internal masseter muscle - see Pterygoideus medialis
616. Mentalis(PNA, BNA, JNA; levator menti, levator labii inferioris, incisivus inferior, corrugator menti), mentalis muscle - a facial muscle that pulls the skin of the chin upward and stretches the lower lip; beginning: alveolar elevations of the incisors and canines of the lower jaw; attachment: chin skin
617. Mentolabialis, geniolabial muscle - see Depressor labii inferioris
618. Multifidus(PNA, BNA, JNA), multifidus muscle - a muscle located on the back surface of the spine, with unilateral contraction it rotates the spine, with bilateral contraction it straightens it; beginning: dorsal surface of the sacrum, dorsal sacroiliac ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, mastoid processes of the lumbar, transverse processes of the thoracic and articular processes of the IV - VII cervical vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of the vertebrae (up to IV cervical)
619. myloglossus, maxilloglossus muscle - see Mylohyoideus
620. Mylohyoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA, diaphragma oris, myloglossus), mylohyoid muscle - the muscle of the submandibular triangle of the neck, pulling the hyoid bone upward and anteriorly, lowering the lower
jaw; forms the floor of the mouth: beginning: mylohyoid line of the lower jaw; attachment: body
hyoid bone and the suture between it and the mental spine of the lower jaw
621. Nasalis(PNA, BNA, JNA), nasal muscle - facial muscle of expression, lowering the back and wing of the nose, narrowing the nasal openings; beginning: alveolar elevations of the lateral incisor and canine on the upper jaw; attachment: the transverse part is connected on the cartilaginous part of the dorsum of the nose by a tendon aponeurosis with the muscle of the same name on the opposite side; alar part - cartilage and skin of the wing of the nose
622. Nasalis labii superioris, nasal muscle of the upper lip - see Depressor septi nasi
623. Nasolabialis, nasolabial muscle - see Depressor septi nasi
624. Nasum dilatans, muscle that dilates the nose - see Procerus
625. Obliquus abdominis externus(JNA), external oblique abdominal muscle - see. Obliquus externus abdominis
626. Obliquus abdominis internus(JNA), internal oblique abdominal muscle - see. Obliquus internus abdominis
627. Obliquus atlantis(JNA), oblique muscle of the atlas - see. Obliquus capitis inferior
628. Obliquus auriculae(PNA, BNA, JNA), oblique muscle of the auricle - a group of short muscle fibers on the back surface of the auricle; beginning: elevation of the triangular fossa; attachment: shell elevation
629. Obliquus buibi inferior(JNA), inferior oblique muscle of the eye - see. Obliquus inferior
630. Obliquus buibi superior(JNA), superior oblique muscle of the eye - see. Obliquus superior
631. Obliquus capitis(JNA), oblique muscle of the head - see. Obliquus capitis superior
632. Obliquus capitis inferior(PNA, BNA; obliquus atlantis, JNA; obliquus capitis major), the inferior oblique muscle of the capitis is a neck muscle that, with unilateral contraction, rotates the atlas and head in its direction, with bilateral contraction, it tilts the head back; beginning: spinous process of the axial vertebra; insertion: transverse process of the atlas
633. Obliquus capitis major, oblique capitis major - see Obliquus capitis inferior
634. Obliquus capitis minor, oblique capitis minor - see Obliquus capitis superior
635. Obliquus capitis superior(PNA, BNA; obliquus capitis, JNA; obliquus capitis minor), the superior oblique muscle of the capitis is a neck muscle that, with unilateral contraction, rotates the head in the opposite direction; with bilateral contraction, it tilts the head back; origin: transverse process of the atlas; insertion: lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone
636. Obliquus externus abdominis(PNA, BNA; obliquus abdominis externus, JNA), external oblique abdominal muscle - a muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall, with unilateral contraction it bends the torso with rotation in the opposite direction, with bilateral contraction it tilts the torso forward; takes part in the formation of the abdominal press; beginning: V - XII ribs; insertion: external lip of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle, linea alba
637. Obliquus inferior(oculi) (PNA, BNA; obliquus buibi inferior, JNA), inferior oblique muscle - the muscle of the eyeball that rotates it upward and to the side; beginning: lower wall of the orbit, lateral circumference of the fossa of the lacrimal sac;
attachment: lateral part of the sclera behind the equator of the eyeball
638. Obliquus internus abdominis(PNA, BNA; obliquus abdominis internus, JNA), internal oblique abdominal muscle - a muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall, with unilateral contraction, flexes the torso and rotates it in its direction; takes part in the formation of the abdominal press; beginning: outer layer of the lumbodorsal fascia, intermediate line of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament; attachment: X - XII ribs and linea alba
639. Obliquus superior(oculi) (PNA, BNA; obliquus buibi superior, JNA; trochlearis), superior oblique muscle - the muscle of the eyeball that rotates it downwards and to the side; beginning: common tendon ring around the optic canal and adjacent part of the superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone; attachment: superior surface of the sclera posterior to the equator of the eyeball
640. Obturator externus(BNA, JNA), external obturator muscle - see. Obturatorius externus
641. Obturator internus(BNA, JNA), obturator internus muscle - see. Obturatorius internus
642. Obturatorius externus(PNA; obturator externus, BNA, JNA), external obturator muscle - a muscle of the pelvis and thigh that rotates the thigh outward; beginning: the outer surface of the pelvic bone around the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane; insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
643. Obturatorius internus(PNA; obturator internus, BNA, JNA), internal obturator muscle - a pelvic muscle that rotates the thigh outward; beginning: the inner surface of the pelvic bone around the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane; insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
644. Ornohyoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA), scapular-hyoid muscle - a neck muscle that lowers the hyoid bone; origin: superior edge and transverse ligament of the scapula; insertion: body of the hyoid bone
645. Opponens digiti minimi(manus) (PNA; opponens digiti quinti manus, BNA, JNA), the muscle opposing the little finger to the hand - the muscle of the palm, pulling the little finger towards the thumb; beginning: hook of the hamate, flexor retinaculum; insertion: ulnar edge of metacarpal bone V
646. Opponens digiti minimi(pedis), the muscle opposing the little toe - see. Opponens digiti quinti (pedis)
647. Opponens digiti quinti(manus) (BNA, JNA), muscle opposing the fifth finger of the hand - see. Opponens digiti minimi (manus)
648. Opponens digiti quinti(pedis) (BNA, JNA; opponens digiti minimi pedis), the muscle opposing the fifth toe is a non-permanent muscle of the foot that performs plantar flexion of the fifth metatarsal bone and strengthens the arch of the foot; beginning: long plantar ligament and tendon sheath musculus peronaeus longus; attachment: V metatarsal
649. Opponens pollicis(PNA, BNA, JNA), the muscle that opposes the thumb is the muscle of the palmar surface of the hand that opposes the thumb to the rest of the hand; beginning: tubercle of polygonal bone and flexor retinaculum; insertion: I metacarpal bone
650. Orbicularis oculi(PNA, BNA, JNA), orbicularis oculi muscle - a facial muscle that closes the palpebral fissure and expands the lacrimal sac; beginning: nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, medial ligament of the eyelid; attachment: lateral suture of the eyelid, skin of the eyebrows, surrounding muscles; lateral ligament of the eyelid; Circularly surrounds the palpebral fissure and lacrimal sac
651. Orbicularis oris(PNA, BNA, JNA; constrictor labiorum), the orbicularis oris muscle is a facial muscle located in the thickness of the lips, surrounding the oral opening from the corners of the mouth to the midline, compressing the lips, pulling them forward and closing the mouth; origin and insertion: skin and mucous membrane of the lips slightly lateral to the midline
652. Orbicularis urethrae membranaceae(BNA), orbicularis muscle of the membranous urethra - see. Sphincter urethrae
653. Orbitalis(PNA, BNA. JNA), orbital muscle - muscle fibers located deep in the orbit and spreading across the inferior orbital fissure
654. Orbitopal pebralis, orbito-eyelid muscle - see. Levatorpalpebrae superioris
655. Origo nasalis m. orbicularis oris(JNA), nasal origin of the orbicularis oris muscle - see. Depressor septi nasi
656. Palatoglossus(PNA; glossopalatinus, BNA, JNA), palatoglossus muscle - the muscle of the lateral wall of the pharynx, lowering the velum palatine and narrowing the pharynx; origin: lower surface of the soft palate; attachment: lateral edge of the base of the tongue
657. Palatopharyngeus(PNA; pharyngopalatinus, BNA, JNA), velopharyngeal muscle - a muscle of the lateral wall of the pharynx, pulling the soft palate down and back until it comes into contact with the posterior wall of the pharynx, bringing the palatine arches together, elevating the pharynx, larynx and expanding the lumen of the auditory tube; beginning: aponeurosis of the soft palate, medial plate and hook of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, cartilaginous part of the auditory tube; attachment: lateral wall of the pharynx, posterior edge of the plate and inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
658. Palmaris brevis(PNA, BNA, JNA; cutaneus manus), short palmaris muscle - the muscle of the palm that stretches the skin of the eminence of the little finger; beginning: ulnar edge of the palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum; attachment: skin of the eminence of the little finger
659. Palmaris longus(PNA. BNA, JNA), palmaris longus - a muscle in the anterior region of the forearm that flexes the hand and strains the palmar aponeurosis; beginning: medial epicondyle of the humerus and fascia of the forearm; insertion: palmar aponeurosis
660. Papillars(PNA, BNA, JNA), papillary muscles - the general name of the muscles of the atrioventricular valves of the heart, holding their valves in a closed state during ventricular systole
661. Papillares parvi(JNA), minor papillary muscles - see. Papillares septales
662. Papillaris anterior 1(PNA; papillaris ventralis, JNA), anterior papillary muscle - the muscle of the right atrioventricular valve, holding its anterior and posterior leaflets in a closed state during ventricular systole; origin: inner surface of the anterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart; attachment: anterior and posterior leaflets of the right atrioventricular valve
663. Papillaris anterior 2(PNA; papillaris sinister, JNA), anterior papillary muscle - the muscle of the left atrioventricular valve, holding its anterior and posterior leaflets in a closed state during ventricular systole; origin: inner surface of the anterior wall of the left ventricle; attachment: anterior and posterior leaflets of the left atrioventricular valve
664. Papillaris dexter(JNA), right papillary muscle - see. Papillaris posterior
665. Papillaris parvus(JNA), short papillary muscle -1) cm. Papillaris posterior, 2) see Papillaris septales
666. Papillaris posterior 1(PNA; papillaris parvus, JNA), posterior papillary muscle - the muscle of the right atrioventricular valve, holding its posterior and septal valves in a closed state during ventricular systole: origin: the inner surface of the posterior wall of the right ventricle; attachment: posterior and septal leaflets of the right atrioventricular valve
667. Papillaris posterior 2(PNA: papillaris dexter, JNA), posterior papillary muscle - the muscle of the left atrioventricular valve, holding its anterior and posterior leaflets in a closed state during ventricular systole: origin: the inner surface of the posterior wall of the left ventricle; attachment: anterior and posterior leaflets of the left atrioventricular valve
668. Papillares septales(PNA; musculus papillaris parvus, JNA), septal papillary muscles - non-permanent muscles of the right atrioventricular valve, holding its anterior leaflet in a closed state during ventricular systole; beginning: muscular part of the interventricular septum; attachment: anterior leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve
669. Papillaris sinister(JNA), left papillary muscle - see. Papillaris anterior 2
670. Papillaris ventralis(JNA), ventral papillary muscle - see. Papillaris anterior 1
671. pectinalis, pectineus muscle - see Pectineus
672. Pectinati(PNA, BNA; trabeculae carneae, JNA), pectineus muscles - muscle bundles on the inner surface of the wall of the right auricle of the heart and partially the right atrium, involved in atrial contraction
673. Pectineus(PNA, BNA, JNA; pectinalis, primus femoris), pectineus muscle - the muscle of the anterior region of the thigh, adducting and rotating it outward; beginning: pubic crest, pubic tubercle, superior pubic ligament; insertion: linea pectinea at the proximal end of the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
674. Pectoralis major(PNA, BNA, JNA), pectoralis major muscle - the muscle of the anterior surface of the chest wall, which brings the arm to the body and turns it inward, lowers the raised arm, lifts the ribs and sternum, and is involved in breathing; beginning: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of II - VII ribs, vagina musculus rectus abdominis; insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
675. Pectoratis minor(PNA, BNA, JNA), pectoralis minor muscle - the muscle of the anterior surface of the chest wall, lowering and pulling the scapula forward; with a fixed shoulder blade, it raises the chest, performing the function of an auxiliary respiratory muscle; beginning: II - V ribs; insertion: coracoid process of scapula
676. Perforatus, perforating muscle - see Coracobrachialis
677. Peronaeus parvus peroneus minor muscle - see Peroneus tertius
678. Peronaeus posticus, peroneus posterior muscle - see Peroneus longus
679. Peronaeus primus first peroneus muscle - see Peroneus longus
680. Peroneus brevis(PNA; peronaeus brevis, BNA; fibularis brevis, JNA), the short peroneus muscle is a muscle of the lower leg that flexes the foot in the plantar direction, pronates and abducts it outward; origin: lateral surface of the fibula, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa; insertion: V metatarsal bone, sometimes extensor tendon of the V finger
681. Peroneus longus(PNA; peronaeus longus, BNA; fibularis longus, JNA; peronaeus posticus, peronaeus primus), peroneus longus - a muscle of the leg that flexes the foot in the plantar direction, pronates and abducts it outward; beginning: lateral condyle of the tibia and the upper third of the fibula, capsule of the tibiofibular joint, anterior and posterior intermuscular septa and fascia of the leg; attachment: plantar surface of the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones
682. Peroneus tertius(PNA; peronaeus tertius, BNA; fibularis tertius, JNA; peronaeus parvus), the third peroneal muscle is a non-constant muscle of the leg, raising the outer edge of the foot; beginning: lower third of the fibula and interosseous membrane; attachment: base of the V metatarsal bone together with the V tendon m. extensor digitorum longus
683. Pharyngopalatinus(BNA, JNA), pharyngeal palatine muscle - see. Palatopharyngeus
684. Pharyngotubalis(JNA), pharyngeal-tubal muscle - see. Salpingopharyngeus
685. Phrenicus, diaphragmatic muscle - see Diaphragma
686. Piriformis(PNA, BNA, JNA; primus quadrigeminus, iliacus externus piriformis), piriformis muscle - a muscle of the gluteal region that abducts and externally rotates the thigh; beginning: pelvic surface of the sacrum lateral to the II - IV pelvic sacral foramina, capsule of the sacroiliac joint, upper edge of the greater sciatic notch; insertion: medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
687. Plantaris(PNA, BNA, JNA), plantaris muscle - the muscle of the posterior region of the leg, which takes part in the plantar flexion of the foot, stretching the capsule of the knee joint and the fascia of the leg; origin: popliteal surface of the femur above the lateral condyle and capsule of the knee joint; insertion: calcaneal tubercle
688. Platysma(PNA; platysma myoides, BNA, JNA), subcutaneous neck muscle - a neck muscle that pulls the corner of the mouth down; beginning: fascia musculus pectoralis major and musculus deltoideus; attachment: edge of the mandible, angle of the mouth, parotid fascia and masticatory fascia
689. Platysma myoides(BNA, JNA), subcutaneous muscle of the neck - see. Platysma
690. Pleuroesophageus(PNA; pleurooesophageus, BNA; pleurooesophagicus, JNA), pleuroesophageal muscle - strands of smooth muscle starting from the mediastinal pleura, interwoven into the wall of the esophagus and participating in its contraction
690Pleuroesophageus(BNA), pleuroesophageal muscle - see. Pleuroesophageus
691. Pleuroesophagicus(JNA), pleuroesophageal muscle - see. Pleuroesophageus
692. Pollicem abducens, abductor pollicis - see Abductor hallucis
693. Popliteus(PNA, BNA, JNA), popliteus muscle - a muscle in the back of the knee that flexes the lower leg and rotates it inward; origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur, capsule of the knee joint (arcuate popliteal ligament); insertion: tibia (soleus muscle line)
694. Primus femoris, first thigh muscle - see Pectineus
695. Primus quadrigeminus, first quadrangular muscle - see Piriformis
696. Procerus(PNA, BNA; depressor glabellae, JNA: nasum dilatans), the “proud” muscle is a facial muscle that lowers the skin of the glabella, forming transverse folds; beginning: bony dorsum of the nose and aponeurosis m. nasalis; attachment: skin of the glabella area
697. Pronator quadratus(PNA, BNA, JNA; quadratus antibrachii, cubitoradialis), quadratus pronator muscle anterior
areas of the forearm, pronating forearm and hand; origin: the anterior surface of the ulna in its distal quarter; attachment: anterior surface of the radius in its distal quarter
698. Pronator teres(PNA, BNA, JNA), pronator teres - a muscle of the anterior region of the forearm, pronating and flexing the forearm at the elbow joint; beginning: humeral head (caput humerale) - medial epicondyle
humerus and medial intermuscular septum, ulnar head (caput ulnare) - ulnar tuberosity
bones; attachment: lateral surface of the radius above its middle
699. Psoas major(PNA, BNA, JNA), psoas major muscle - a muscle of the lower limb that flexes it at the hip joint; beginning: lateral surface of the bodies and transverse processes of the XII thoracic and I - IV lumbar vertebrae; insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
700. Psoas minor(PNA, BNA, JNA), the psoas minor muscle is a non-constant muscle of the lumbar region, tilting the spine in its direction and straining the fascia iliaca; beginning: lateral surface of the bodies of the XI - XII thoracic and I lumbar vertebrae; insertion: pubic crest, fascia iliaca
701. Pterygoideus externus(BNA), external pterygoid muscle - see. Pterygoideus lateralis
702. Pterygoideus interous(BNA), internal pterygoid muscle - see. Pterygoideus medialis
703. Pterygoideus lateralis(PNA, JNA; pterygoideus externus, BNA), lateral pterygoid muscle - a muscle located at the base of the skull, with unilateral contraction, it moves the lower jaw to the opposite side, with bilateral contraction, it pushes it forward; beginning: the infratemporal platform and the crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, the outer plate of its pterygoid process; attachment: capsule and articular disc of the temporomandibular joint, pterygoid fossa of the condylar process of the mandible
704. Pterygoideus medialis(PNA, JNA; pterygoideus internus, BNA; masseter internus), the medial pterygoid muscle is a masticatory muscle that, with unilateral contraction, displaces the lower jaw to the opposite side; with bilateral contraction, it lifts it and pushes it forward; beginning: pterygoid fossa of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, pyramidal process of the palatine bone; attachment: pterygoid tuberosity of the angle of the mandible
705. Pubiofemoralis, pubofemoral muscle - see Adductor longus
706. Pubovesicalis(PNA, BNA; depressor vesicalis, depressor vesicae urinariae), pubovesical muscle - a muscle in the bladder area that expands the internal opening of the urethra; origin: pubic symphysis; attachment: area of ​​the internal opening of the urethra
707. Pyramidalis abdominis(PNA, BNA, JNA; pyramidalis pelvis, iliacus externus), pyramidalis muscle - muscle
abdomen, straining the linea alba; beginning: pubic bone and symphysis; attachment: linea alba
708. Pyramidalis auriculae(PNA; pyramidalis auriculae Jungi, BNA), pyramidal muscle of the auricle - a vestigial muscle of the auricle; origin: tragus; insertion: spine of the helix
709. Pyramidalis auriculae Jungi(BNA), pyramidal muscle of the auricle (Jung) - see. Pyramidalis auriculae
710. Pyramidalis menti, pyramidal muscle of the chin - see. Depressor anguli oris
711. Pyramidalis pelvis, pyramidal muscle of the pelvis - see Pyramidalis abdominis
712. Pyramidostapedius, pyramidal stapes muscle - see. Stapedius
713. Quadratus antibrachii, quadratus muscle of the forearm - see Pronator quadratus
714. Quadratus femoris(PNA, BNA, JNA), quadratus femoris muscle - a muscle of the gluteal region that rotates the thigh outward; origin: ischial tuberosity of the ischium; insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
715. Quadratus inferior, quadratus inferior - see Depressor labii inferioris
716. Quadratus labii inferioris(BNA), quadratus lower lip - see. Depressor labii inferioris
717. Quadratus labii mandibularis(JNA), quadratus mandibular muscle - see. Depressor labii inferioris
718. Quadratus lumborum(PNA, BNA, JNA; rectus abdominis posticus), quadratus lumborum muscle - a muscle of the lumbar region that flexes the lumbar spine and lowers the XII rib; beginning: inner lip of the iliac crest, iliopsoas ligament, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae;
attachment: XII rib, lumbocostal ligament, transverse processes of I - IV lumbar vertebrae
719. Quadratus menti - cm. Depressor labii inferioris
720. Quadratus plantae(PNA, BNA, JNA; m. flexor accessorius, PNA), quadratus plantae muscle - a muscle of the plantar surface of the foot that corrects the action of m. flexor digitorum longus, giving its thrust straight
direction in relation to the fingers; origin: calcaneus; insertion: lateral edge of the musculus flexor digitorum longus tendon
721. Quadriceps femoris(PNA, BNA, JNA), quadriceps femoris muscle - a muscle of the anterior thigh that extends the tibia at the knee joint and is involved in flexing the thigh at the hip joint; consists of t.
rectus femoris, musculus vastus lat., musculus vastus med. and musculus vastus intermedius, which, joining together, form a common tendon that includes the patella and is attached to the tibial tuberosity in the form of the patellar ligament
722. Quadrigeminus brachii, biceps brachii muscle - see Biceps brachii
723. radialis anterior, radialis anterior muscle - see Flexor carpi radialis
724. Radialis anticus, radialis anterior muscle - see Flexor carpi radialis
725. Radialis internus, internal radial muscle - see Flexor carpi radialis
726. Radialis externus longus, long external radialis muscle - see Extensor carpi radialis longus
727. Radialis externus primus, first external radial muscle - see Extensor carpi radialis longus
728. Rectococcygeus(PNA, BNA; rectococcygicus, JNA), rectococcygeal muscle - a muscle of the pelvic area that fixes the rectum; beginning: anterior surface of the II and III coccygeal vertebrae; attachment: woven into the longitudinal muscular layer of the rectum
729. Rectococcygicus(JNA), rectococcygeal muscle - see. Rectococcygeus
730. Rectourethralis(PNA), rectourethral muscle - a bundle of smooth muscle cells that strengthens the pelvic floor; origin: lower part of the rectum; attachment: initial part of the urethra
731. Rectouterinus(PNA, BNA, JNA), rectouterine muscle - a bundle of smooth muscle cells that fixes the uterus; origin: lower part of the rectum; attachment: outer muscular layer of the uterus and vagina
732. Rectovesicalis(PNA. BNA), rectovesical muscle - a bundle of smooth muscle cells that strengthens the pelvic floor; origin: lower part of the rectum; insertion: bladder
733. Rectus abdominis(PNA, BNA, JNA), rectus abdominis muscle - a muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that brings the chest closer to the pelvis, bending the torso forward; takes part in the formation of the abdominal press; beginning: cartilages of the V - VII ribs, body and xiphoid process of the sternum; insertion: superior ramus of the pubis from the symphysis to the pubic tubercle
734. Rectus abdominis posticus, posterior rectus abdominis muscle - see Quadratus lumborum
735. Rectus buibi inferior(JNA), inferior rectus muscle of the eye - see. Rectus inferior
736. Rectus buibi nasalis(JNA), rectus nasalis - see. Rectus medialis
737. Rectus buibi superior(JNA), superior rectus oculi muscle - see. Rectus superior
738. Rectus buibi temporalis(JNA), temporal rectus muscle of the eye - see. Rectus lateralis
739. Rectus capitis anterior(PNA, BNA; rectus capitis ventralis, JNA), the anterior rectus capitis muscle is a muscle that tilts the head forward and to its side; origin: lateral mass of the atlas; insertion: basilar part of the occipital bone
740. Rectus capitis dorsalis major(JNA), dorsal rectus major muscle - see.
741. Rectus capitis dorsalis minor(JNA), rectus capitis dorsalis minor - see
742. Rectus capitis lateralis(PNA, BNA, JNA), lateral rectus capitis muscle - a muscle that, with unilateral contraction, tilts the head to the side, with bilateral contraction, it is involved in tilting the head forward; Start:
transverse process of the atlas; insertion: lateral part of the occipital bone
743. Rectus capitis posterior major(PNA, BNA; rectus capitis dorsalis major, JNA), the posterior rectus capitis major muscle is a muscle in the back of the neck, with unilateral contraction it rotates the head in its direction, with bilateral contraction it tilts the head back; beginning: spinous process of the axial vertebra; attachment: nuchal platform, squama of occipital bone
744. Rectus capitis posterior minor(PNA, BNA; rectus capitis dorsalis minor, JNA), the small posterior rectus capitis muscle is a muscle in the back of the neck, with unilateral contraction it rotates the head in its direction, with bilateral contraction it tilts the head back; beginning: posterior tubercle of the atlas; attachment: nuchal platform of the squama of the occipital bone
745. Rectus capitis ventralis(JNA), ventral rectus capitis muscle - see. Rectus capitis anterior
746. Rectus femoris(PNA, BNA, JNA), rectus femoris muscle - head m. quadriceps femoris, which extends the tibia and flexes the thigh; origin: inferior anterior iliac spine and superior edge of the acetabulum lip; attachment: as part of the quadriceps femoris tendon to the tibial tuberosity
747. Rectus inferior(PNA, BNA; rectus buibi inferior, JNA), the inferior rectus muscle of the eye is the muscle of the orbit that rotates the eyeball downward and somewhat inward; origin: common tendon ring around the optic canal and adjacent part of the superior orbital fissure; insertion: lower part of the sclera in front of the equator of the eyeball
748. Rectus lateralis(PNA, BNA; rectus buibi temporalis, JNA), lateral rectus muscle of the eye - the muscle of the orbit that rotates the eyeball outward; beginning: one tendon from the common tendon ring around the optic canal and the adjacent part of the superior orbital fissure, the other from the root of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone; insertion: lateral part of the sclera in front of the equator of the eyeball
749. Rectus medialis(PNA, BNA; rectus buibi nasalis, JNA), medial rectus oculi muscle - the muscle of the orbit that rotates the eyeball inward; origin: common tendon ring around the optic canal and adjacent part of the superior orbital fissure; insertion: medial part of the sclera in front of the equator of the eyeball
750. Rectus superior(PNA, BNA; rectus buibi superior, JNA), the superior rectus muscle of the eye is the muscle of the orbit that rotates the eyeball upward and somewhat outward and at the same time lifts the upper eyelid due to its connection with the tendon musculus levator palpebrae sup.; origin: common tendon ring around the optic canal and adjacent part of the superior orbital fissure; insertion: upper part of the sclera in front of the equator of the eyeball
751. Rhomboides major(JNA), rhomboid major muscle - see. Rhomboideus major
752. Rhomboides minor(JNA), rhomboid minor muscle - see. Rhomboideus minor
753. Rhomboideus major(PNA, BNA; rhomboides major, JNA), the rhomboid major muscle is a back muscle that brings the scapula closer to the spine, lifting it slightly upward; beginning: spinous processes of the I - IV thoracic vertebrae; insertion: medial edge of scapula
754. Rhomboideus minor(PNA, BNA; rhomboides minor, JNA), rhomboid minor - a back muscle that brings the scapula closer to the spine, slightly lifting it up: beginning: spinous processes of the VI - VII cervical vertebrae and nuchal ligament; insertion: medial edge of scapula
755. Risorius(PNA, BNA, JNA), the laughter muscle is a facial muscle that pulls the corner of the mouth outward and deepens the nasolabial fold; beginning: fascia of the parotid gland and chewing fascia; attachment: skin of the corner of the mouth
756. Rotators(PNA, BNA, JNA), rotator muscles - the general name for the deep muscles of the spine that rotate it; distinguish: musculi rotatores cervicis, musculi rotatores thoracis, musculi rotatores lumborum
757. Rotatores cervicis(PNA), cervical rotators - muscles of the spine that rotate the cervical region; beginning: transverse processes of the cervical (except the atlas) vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of overlying (through one) vertebrae
758. Rotatores lumborum(PNA), lumbar rotators - muscles of the spine that rotate the lumbar region; beginning: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and dorsal surface of the sacrum; attachment: spinous processes of the overlying (through one) lumbar vertebrae
759. Rotatores thoracis(PNA), thoracic rotators - muscles of the spine that rotate the thoracic region; beginning: transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae; attachment: arches of overlying adjacent thoracic vertebrae
760. Sacrococcygeus anterior(BNA), anterior sacrococcygeal muscle - see. Sacrococcygeus ventralis
761. Sacrococcygeus ventralis(PNA; sacrococygeus anterior, BNA; sacrococcygicus ventralis, JNA), ventral sacrococcygeal muscle - a vestigial muscle; beginning: pelvic surface of the sacrum from the third sacral foramina to the coccyx; attachment: ventral sacrococcygeal ligament to II - IV coccygeal vertebrae
762. Sacrococcygicus ventralis(JNA), ventral sacrococcygeal muscle - see. Sacrococcygeus ventralis
763. Sacrolumbalis, sacrolumbar muscle - see Iliocostalis
764. Sacrospinalis(BNA, JNA), sacrovertebral muscle - see. Erector spinae
765. Salpingopharyngeus(PNA, BNA; pharyngotubalis, JNA), tubopharyngeal muscle; part of the musculus constrictor pharyngis sup., going to the auditory tube and pulling the pharynx upward
766. Sartorius(PNA, BNA, JNA), sartorius muscle - a muscle of the anterior thigh that flexes the thigh at the hip joint and the tibia at the knee joint, and rotates the tibia medially when the knee is bent; origin: superior anterior iliac spine: insertion: tuberosity and anterior edge of the tibia, fascia of the leg
767. Scalenus anterior(PNA, BNA; scalenus ventralis, JNA), the anterior scalene muscle is a deep muscle of the neck, bending it to the side, and with bilateral contraction - forward, elevating the first rib, involved in breathing; beginning: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the III - VI cervical vertebrae; insertion: 1st rib
768. Scalenus dorsalis(JNA), dorsal scalene muscle - see. Scalenus posterior
769. Scalenus medius(PNA, BNA, JNA), the middle scalene muscle is a deep muscle of the back, with unilateral contraction it bends the neck to the side, with bilateral contraction it bends forward, elevates the first rib and is involved in breathing; beginning: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae; insertion: 1st rib
770. Scalenus minimus(PNA, BNA), the smallest scalene muscle is a non-constant muscle of the neck that holds the dome of the pleura; beginning: transverse process of the VII cervical vertebra; attachment: inner edge of the 1st rib and dome of the pleura
771. Scalenus posterior(PNA, BNA; scalenus dorsalis, JNA), the posterior scalene muscle is a deep muscle of the neck, which tilts it to the side when contracted unilaterally, and forward when contracted bilaterally; raises the second rib, participates in breathing; beginning: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the V - VII cervical vertebrae; insertion: II rib
772. Scalenus ventralis(JNA), ventral scalene muscle - see. Scalenus anterior
773. Semimembranaceus(JNA), semimembranosus muscle - see. Semimembranosus
774. Semimembranosus(PNA, BNA; semimembranaceus, JNA), semimembranosus muscle - a muscle of the posterior thigh that extends the thigh, flexes the tibia and rotates it medially; origin: ischial tuberosity; attachment: medial condyle of the femur, fascia m. popliteus, posterior wall of the knee joint capsule with transition to the oblique popliteal ligament
775. Semispinalis(PNA, BNA, JNA), semispinalis muscle - a muscle of the spine that extends its upper sections, pulling the head back or holding it in an thrown back position; with unilateral contraction it produces a slight rotation of the body; consists of musculus semispinalis capitis, musculus semispinalis cervicis and musculus semispinalis thoracis
776. Semispinalis capitis(PNA, BNA; transversooccipitalis, JNA) - semispinalis capitis muscle - upper part of the musculus semispinalis; beginning: articular processes of the IV-VII cervical and transverse processes of the I-VI thoracic vertebrae; insertion: squama of the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
777. Semispinalis cervicis(PNA, BNA), semispinalis muscle of the neck - middle part of the musculus semispinalis, origin: transverse processes of the II - VII thoracic vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of the II - VI cervical vertebrae
778. Semispinalis dorsi(BNA), semispinalis dorsi muscle - see. Semispinalis thoracis
779. Semispinalis thoracis(PNA; semispinalis dorsi, BNA), semispinalis pectoralis muscle - lower part of m. semispinalis;
beginning: transverse processes of VI - XII thoracic vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of VI - VII cervical, I - VI thoracic vertebrae
780. Semispinatus, semispinalis muscle - see Longissimus
781. Semitendineus(JNA), semitendinosus muscle - see. Semitendinosus
782. Semitendinosus(PNA, BNA; semitendineus, JNA), semitendinosus muscle - the muscle of the posterior thigh that extends it, flexes and rotates it medially; origin: ischial tuberosity; attachment: medial surface and tuberosity of the tibia, fascia of the leg
783. Serratus anterior(PNA, BNA; serratus lateralis, JNA), serratus anterior muscle - a muscle of the lateral chest wall that pulls the scapula outward and forward and presses it against the chest wall, helping to raise the arm above the horizontal line; with a fixed shoulder blade, raises the ribs, participating in increased inhalation; beginning: I - IX ribs; attachment: medial edge, superior and inferior angles of the scapula
784.Serratus dorsalis caudalis(JNA), caudal serratus dorsalis muscle - see. Serratus posterior inferior
785. Serratus dorsalis cranialis(JNA), cranial dorsal serratus muscle - see. Serratus posterior superior
786. Serratus lateralis(JNA), serratus lateralus - see. Serratus anterior
787. Serratus posterior inferior(PNA, BNA; serratus dorsalis caudalis, JNA; spinocostalis longus, dentatus posterior
inferior), serratus posterior inferior - a superficial muscle of the back that lowers the lower ribs; Start:
thoracolumbar fascia at the level of the spinous processes of the XI - XII lumbar vertebrae; attachment: IX - XII ribs
788. Serratus posterior superior(PNA, BNA; serratus dorsalis cranialis, JNA; spinocostalis longus, dentatus posterior superior), serratus posterior superior - superficial back muscle that lifts the upper ribs; Start:
spinous processes of VI - VII cervical and I - II thoracic vertebrae, nuchal ligament; attachment: II - V ribs
789. Soleus(PNA, BNA, JNA: gastrocnemius internus), soleus muscle - part of m. triceps surae, muscle that flexes the foot in the plantar direction; beginning: fibular head (caput fibulare) - lateral and posterior surfaces of the fibula; tibial head (caput tibiale) - posterior surface of the tibia, tendon arch m. solei; attachment: calcaneal tendon to the tubercle of the calcaneus along with musculus gastrocnemius and musculus plantaris
790. Sphincter ampullae(PNA), sphincter ampulla - see.
791. Sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae(PNA; sphincter ampullae, PNA; sphincter Oddi), sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla - muscle fibers of the wall of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the major papilla of the duodenum, compressing it
792. Sphincter ani cutaneus, cutaneous sphincter of the anus - see. Sphincter ani externus
793. Sphincter ani externus(PNA, BNA, JNA; sphincter ani cutaneus), external anal sphincter - an unpaired muscle that compresses the terminal part of the rectum; beginning: apex of the coccyx, anal-coccygeal ligament;
attachment: skin and tendon center of the perineum, bulb of the penis
794. Sphincter ani internus(PNA, BNA, JNA), internal anal sphincter - a thickened circular smooth muscle layer of the muscular layer of the lower rectum, compressing it
795. Sphincter ani tertius(O" Beirnei), third anal sphincter - thickening of the circular layer of smooth muscle cells of the rectal wall in the area of ​​its transverse fold (at a distance of approximately 10 cm from the anus)
796. Sphincter ductus choledochi(PNA), sphincter of the common bile duct - a circular layer of smooth muscle cells of the intramural part of the common bile duct
797. Sphincter Oddi, sphincter of Oddi - see Sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae
798. Sphincter pupillae(PNA, BNA, JNA), pupillary sphincter - circular smooth muscle cells in the iris near its pupillary edge, constricting the pupil
799. Sphincter pylori(PNA, BNA, JNA), pyloric sphincter - a thickened circular layer of the muscular lining of the stomach, located between the pylorus and the duodenum, separating their cavities
800. Sphincter urethrae(PNA, sphincter urethrae membranaceae, BNA; sphincter urethrae diaphragmaticae, JNA; orbicularis urethrae membranaceae), sphincter of the urethra - arcuate fibers of the deep transverse muscle of the perineum, surrounding the membranous part of the urethra and compressing it
801. Sphincter urethrae diaphragmaticae(JNA), diaphragmatic urethral sphincter - see. Sphincter urethrae
802. Sphincter urethrae membranaceae(BNA), sphincter of the membranous urethra - see. Sphincter urethrae
803. Sphincter vaginae, vaginal sphincter - see Bulbospongiosus
804. Spinalis(PNA, BNA, JNA), spinalis muscle is the general name for muscle bundles located along the spinous processes of the vertebrae and extensor spine; distinguish: m. spinalis capitis, t. spinalis cervicis, t. spinalis thoracis
805. Spinalis capitis(PNA, BNA), the spinalis capitis muscle is a poorly developed, often absent part of the m. spinalis; beginning: spinous processes of the upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae; attachment: inferior nuchal line or
external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone
806. Spinalis cervicis(PNA, BNA), spinalis cervicis muscle - cervicothoracic part of m. spinalis; beginning: spinous processes of VI - VII cervical, I - II thoracic vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of the II - IV cervical vertebrae
807. Spinalis dorsi(BNA), spinalis dorsi muscle - see. Spinalis thoracis
808. Spinalis thoracis(PNA; spinalis dorsi, BNA), spinalis thoracic muscle - lumbar-thoracic part of the musculus spinalis; Start:
spinous processes of X - XII thoracic, I - III lumbar vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of II-VIII thoracic vertebrae
809. Spinocostalis longus, inferior long spinalis costalis muscle - see. Serratus posterior inferior
810. Spinocostalis longus, superior long spinalis costalis muscle - see. Serratus posterior superior
811. Splenius capitis(PNA, BNA, JNA), the splenius capitis muscle is a neck muscle that, with unilateral contraction, turns the head in its direction, with bilateral contraction, it tilts the head back; origin: spinous processes
VII cervical, I - III thoracic vertebrae, nuchal ligament; insertion: superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, mastoid process of the temporal bone
812. Splenius cervicis(PNA, BNA, JNA), splenius neck muscle - a muscle on the back of the neck that bends the neck back and to the side; beginning: spinous processes and interspinous ligaments of the III - IV thoracic vertebrae; attachment: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the I - III cervical vertebrae
813. Stapedius(PNA, BNA, JNA; pyramidostapedius), stapedius muscle - a muscle of the middle ear that displaces the stapes in the window of the vestibule; beginning: pyramidal elevation of the mastoid wall of the tympanic cavity; attachment: posterior leg of the stirrup at the head
814. Stemocleidomastoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA). sternocleidomastoid muscle - a muscle in the anterior region of the neck, which, with bilateral contraction, tilts the head back; with unilateral contraction, it tilts it, while turning the face in the opposite direction; beginning: manubrium of the sternum, sternal end of the clavicle; insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
815. Sternohyoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA; cleidohyoideus depressor ossis hyoidei), sternohyoid muscle - the muscle of the anterior neck that lowers the hyoid bone; beginning: posterior edge of the manubrium of the sternum, capsule of the sternoclavicular joint, sternal end of the clavicle; attachment: lower edge of the hyoid bone
816. Sternothyroideus(PNA; sternothyreoideus, BNA, JNA), sternothyroid muscle - a muscle in the anterior region of the neck that lowers the thyroid cartilage; beginning: posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum, cartilage of the 1st and sometimes 2nd rib; insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
817. Styloglossus(PNA, BNA, JNA), styloglossus muscle - a muscle of the tongue that pulls it upward and backward; Start:
styloid process of the temporal bone and stylohyoid ligament; attachment: lateral edges of the tongue root
818. Stylohyoideus(PNA, BNA, JNA), stylohyoid muscle - a muscle of the submandibular region that lifts the hyoid bone; origin: styloid process of the temporal bone; insertion: body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
819. Stylopharyngeus(PNA, BNA: stylopharyngicus, JNA: stylopharyngolaryngeus, dilatator pharyngis), stylopharyngeus
muscle - the muscle of the submandibular region, which lifts the pharynx; origin: styloid process of the temporal bone;
attachment: posterolateral wall of the pharynx, thyroid cartilage of the larynx, epiglottis
820. Stylopharyngicus(JNA), stylopharyngeal muscle - see. Stylopharyngeus
821. stylopharyngolaryngeus, stylopharyngeal laryngeal muscle - see. Stylopharyngeus
822. Subclavius(PNA, BNA, JNA), subclavian muscle - a muscle of the subclavian region that pulls the collarbone down and medially; origin: cartilage I ribs; insertion: acromial end of clavicle
823. Subcostales(PNA, BNA, JNA). hypochondrium muscles - muscle bundles on the inner surface of the chest in the area of ​​​​the corners of the lower ribs, having the same direction of fibers as mm. intercostales int., but spreading over one or two ribs; lower the ribs, thereby participating in the act of exhalation
824. Subscapulars(PNA, BNA, JNA; infrascapularis, subscapulohumeralis), subscapularis muscle - a muscle that rotates the shoulder inward, adducting it, while retracting the capsule of the shoulder joint; origin: costal surface
scapula and subscapularis fascia; insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
825. Subscapulohumeralis, subscapularohumeral muscle - see Subscapularis
826. Superciliaris medialis, medial muscle of the eyebrows - see. Depressor supercilii
827. Supinator(PNA, BNA, JNA; supinatorius, supinator brevis), supinator - muscle of the posterior forearm,
rotating the forearm outward and extending the arm at the elbow joint; origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus; radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of the radius and crest of the supinator of the ulna: insertion: radius from the tuberosity to the insertion of m. pronator teres
828. Supinator brevis, short instep support - see Supinator
829. Supinator longus, long arch support - see Brachioradialis
830. Supinatorius, supinating muscle - see Supinator
831. Supra spinam(JNA), supraspinatus muscle - see. Supraspinatus
832. Supraspinatus(PNA, BNA; supra spinam, JNA), supraspinatus muscle - a muscle of the scapular region that abducts the arm to the side; beginning: supraspinatus fossa of the scapula and supraspinatus fascia; insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
833. Suspenaorius duodeni(PNA, BNA, JNA), muscle that suspends the duodenum - a muscle bundle running from the diaphragm to the duodenum
834. temporalis(PNA, BNA, JNA), temporalis muscle - a masticatory muscle that lifts the lower jaw and pulls it back; origin: bony surface of the temporal fossa and temporal fascia: insertion: coronoid process and ramus of the mandible
835. Tensor fasciae latae(PNA, BNA, JNA; glutaeus anterior, glutaeus laterals, aponeuroticus, iliotibialis), tensor fascia lata - a muscle of the anterior thigh that strains the fascia lata, flexes the leg at the knee joint, abducts and flexes it at the hip joint; beginning: superior anterior iliac spine, common aponeurosis musculus gluteus medius, etc. gluteus minimus; insertion: continuous with the iliotibial tract of the fascia lata, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia
836. Tensor palati mollis, muscle that strains the soft palate - see Tensor veli palatini
837. Tensor tympani(PNA, BNA, JNA), tensor tympani muscle - a muscle of the middle ear that pulls the handle of the malleus inward, straining the eardrum; beginning: cartilaginous wall of the auditory tube, wall of the muscular-tubal canal, spine of the sphenoid bone, petrous part of the temporal bone; attachment: handle of the hammer near its neck
838. Tensor veli palatini(PNA, BNA, JNA; tensor palati mollis, dilatator tubae Eustachii), the muscle that strains the velum palatine is the muscle of the soft palate, which stretches the soft palate and strains the palatine aponeurosis; expands the lumen of the auditory tube; beginning: scaphoid fossa and internal plate of the pterygoid process, lower surface and spine of the sphenoid bone, cartilaginous and membranous part of the auditory tube; insertion: palatine aponeurosis
839. Teres major(PNA, BNA, JNA), teres major muscle - the muscle of the shoulder girdle, adducting the shoulder, rotating it inward, pulling down and back; origin: dorsal surface of the lower angle of the scapula; insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
840. Teres minor(PNA, BNA, JNA), teres minor - a muscle of the shoulder girdle that pulls the shoulder back, rotating it outward; origin: lateral edge of scapula; insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
841. Thyreoarytaenoideus externus(BNA), external thyroarytenoid muscle - see. Thyroarytenoideus
842. Thyreoepiglotticus(BNA, JNA), thyroepiglottic muscle - see. Thyroepiglotticus
843. Thyreohyoideus(BNA, JNA), thyrohyoid muscle - see. Thyrohyoideus
844. Thyroarytenoideus(PNA; thyreoarytaenoideus externus, BNA; pars lateralis musculus thyreoarytaenoidei, JNA), thyroarytenoid muscle - a laryngeal muscle that narrows the gap between the vocal processes; origin: inner surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage; insertion: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
845. Thyroepiglotticus(PNA; thyreoepiglotticus, BNA, JNA), thyroepiglottic muscle - a laryngeal muscle that expands the entrance to the vestibule of the larynx; origin: inner surface of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage; insertion: edge of the epiglottis
846. Thyrohyoideus(PNA; thyreohyoideus, BNA, JNA), thyrohyoid muscle - a muscle in the anterior region of the neck that lifts the larynx and pulls the hyoid bone; origin: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage: insertion: body and base of the greater horn of the hyoid bone
847. Tibialis anterior(PNA, BNA, JNA), tibialis anterior muscle - a muscle of the anterior region of the leg that extends the foot, adducts and somewhat supinates it; beginning: lateral condyle and lateral surface of the tibia, fascia of the leg, interosseous membrane; insertion: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
848. Tibialis posterior(PNA, BNA, JNA), tibialis posterior muscle - a muscle of the posterior region of the leg that flexes the foot in the plantar direction, supinates and adducts it; beginning: interosseous membrane and adjacent parts of the tibia and fibula; attachment: tuberosity of the scaphoid, sphenoid bones, talus, bases of the II - IV metatarsals
849. Trabeculae carneae(JNA), fleshy septa - see. Pectinati
850. Trachealis(PNA), tracheal muscle - transverse layer of smooth muscle cells of the membranous wall of the trachea
851. Tragicus(PNA, BNA, JNA), tragus muscle - a rudimentary muscle of the auricle; beginning: auricle below the tragus; attachment: outer surface of the tragus
852. Transversalis, transverse muscle - see Longissimus
853. Transversocostales breves et longi(JNA), short and long transverse costal muscles - see. Levatores costarum breves et longi
854. Transversooccipitalis(JNA), transverse occipital muscle - see. Semispinalis capitis
855. Transversospinalis(PNA), transverse spinalis muscle - muscle of the posterior surface of the spine, extensor
his; beginning: transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae; attachment: spinous processes of overlying
vertebrae
856. Transversus abdominis(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse abdominis muscle - the muscle of the anterolateral part of the abdominal wall, which brings together the lower parts of the chest and takes part in the formation of the abdominal press;
beginning: cartilages of the VII - XII ribs, deep layer of the lumbodorsal fascia, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, inner lip of the iliac crest and inguinal ligament; attachment: linea alba
857. Transversus auriculae(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse muscle of the auricle - a rudimentary muscle that brings the curl of the auricle closer to its edge; beginning: elevation of the shell; attachment: edge of the auricle at the beginning of the tail helix
858. Transversus linguae(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse muscle of the tongue - a muscle of the tongue that narrows and lengthens it; beginning: tongue septum; attachment: lateral edges and dorsum of tongue
859. Transversus menti(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse chin muscle - arcuate muscle bundles connecting the left and right mental muscles and lifting the skin of the chin
860. Transversus nuchae(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse nuchal muscle - a non-constant muscle that stretches the skin and fascia of the occipital region; beginning: superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone; insertion: skin of the lateral part of the head, nuchal fascia
861. Transversus perinei profundua(PNA, BNA, JNA), deep transverse muscle of the perineum - a muscle of the perineum, part of the genitourinary diaphragm; beginning: ischial tuberosity and part of the lower branch of the ischium;
attachment: tendon center and perineal suture
862. Transversus perinei superficialis(PNA, BNA, JNA), superficial transverse muscle of the perineum - the muscle of the genitourinary diaphragm, fixing the tendon center of the perineum; origin: inferior branch of the ischium and superficial fascia of the perineum; insertion: tendon center of perineum
863. Transversus thoracis(PNA, BNA, JNA), transverse thoracic muscle - a muscle of the inner surface of the anterior chest wall involved in breathing; beginning: posterior surface of the body and xiphoid process of the sternum, cartilage of the VII rib; attachment: cartilages of II - VI ribs
864.Trapezius(PNA, BNA, JNA), trapezius muscle - a superficial back muscle, with unilateral contraction, brings the scapula closer to the spine, lifts the shoulder girdle upward, lowers the scapula, tilts the head in the same direction, turns the face in the opposite direction, with bilateral contraction - tilts the head back ; beginning: superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae; attachment: acromial end of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
865. triangularis(BNA, JNA), triangular muscle - see. Depressor anguli oris
866. Triceps brachii(PNA, BNA, JNA), triceps brachii - a muscle in the posterior region of the shoulder that extends the forearm at the elbow joint; beginning: long head (caput longum) - subarticular tubercle of the scapula; medial head (caput med.) - posterior surface of the humerus distal to the groove of the radial nerve, medial and lateral intermuscular septa; lateral head (caput lat.) - posterior surface of the humerus upward and laterally from the groove of the radial nerve, lateral intermuscular septum; attachment: olecranon process of the ulna, fascia of the forearm and capsule of the elbow joint
867. Triceps surae(PNA, BNA, JNA), triceps surae muscle - a muscle of the posterior region of the lower leg, flexing the foot in the plantar direction and supinating it, flexing the lower leg at the knee joint; consists of the musculus gastrocnemius and musculus soleus, which pass into the common calcaneal tendon, which is attached to the tubercle of the calcaneus
868. Trochlearis, bloc mentality - see Obliquas superior
869. Uvulae(PNA, BNA, JNA), uvula muscle - unpaired muscle of the soft palate, elevating and shortening the uvula; beginning: posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and tendon plate musculus tensor veli palatini; attachment: top of tongue
870. Vastus fibularis(JNA), vastus peroneus muscle - see. Vastus lateralis
871. Vastus intermedius(PNA, BNA, JNA), vastus intermedius muscle - head of musculus qudriceps femoris; origin: anterior and lateral surface of the femur; attachment: base of the patella
872. Vastus lateralis(PNA, BNA; vastus fibularis, JNA), vastus lateralis muscle - head m. quadriceps femoris; origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur; insertion: lateral edge and base of the patella
873. Vastus medialis(PNA, BNA; vastus tibialis, JNA), vastus medialis muscle - head of the musculus quadriceps femoris; beginning: medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur, terminal tendons of the long and large adductor muscles; insertion: medial edge of the patella
874. Vastus tibialis(JNA), vastus tibialis muscle - see. Vastus medialis
875. Verticalis linguae(PNA, BNA, JNA), vertical muscle of the tongue - muscle bundles that penetrate the thickness of the tongue and flatten it; beginning: dorsum of tongue; insertion: inferior surface of tongue
876. Vocalls(PNA, BNA, JNA; pars vocalis m. thyreoarytaenoidei, JNA; aryvocalis), vocal muscle - a muscle located in the thickness of the vocal fold of the larynx, relaxing the vocal cords; origin: lower part of the angle of the thyroid cartilage; insertion: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
877. Zygomaticus(BNA, JNA), zygomatic muscle - see. Zygomaticus major
878. Zygomaticus major(PNA; zygomaticus, BNA, JNA), the zygomaticus major muscle is a facial muscle that pulls the corner of the mouth upward and laterally, deepening the nasolabial fold; beginning: lateral surface of the zygomatic bone and continuation of the orbicularis oculi muscle; attachment: skin of the corner of the mouth
879. Zygomaticus minor(PNA, JNA; caput zygomaticum m. quadrati labii superioris, BNA), the zygomatic minor muscle is a facial muscle that deepens the nasolabial fold, elevating the angle of the mouth; beginning: anterior surface of the zygomatic bone; attachment: skin of the corner of the mouth and nasolabial fold.

Table of contents of the topic "Muscles of the hand. Muscles of the palmar cavity. Thenar muscles. Hypothenar muscles. Fascia of the upper limb and tendon sheath of the hand. Carpal canals. Topography of the upper limb.":

Muscles of the hand. Muscles of the palmar cavity. Thenar muscles. Hypothenar muscles.

Muscles of the hand

In addition to the tendons of the forearm muscles running on the back and palmar sides of the hand, the latter also has its own short muscles that begin and end in this section of the upper limb. They are divided into three groups. Two of them, located along the radial and ulnar edges of the palm, form the eminence of the thumb, thenar, and the eminence of the little finger, hypothenar1, the third (middle) group lies corresponding to the palmar cavity, palma manus. In humans, the muscles of the hand, which represents the most important part of the upper limb - the organ of labor, reach the greatest perfection. At the same time, in the process of human evolution, the muscles of the thumb reached the greatest development in comparison with anthropoids, thanks to which man has the ability to maximally oppose it. An expression of this is the ability to use the end of the thumb to reach the joints of the fifth finger with the hand clenched into a fist. In humans, the extensors also achieve the greatest development, due to which each finger is able to fully straighten. As a result, the hand and each of its fingers acquire the ability of maximum flexion and extension, which is necessary for work.

thenar muscles

1. M. abductor pollicis brevis, short muscle that abducts the pollicis, lies more superficial than the others, starts from the retinaculum flexorum and tuberculum ossis scaphoidei and is attached to the radial surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Function. Abducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint. (Inn. C6-8 - N. medianus.)

2. M. flexor pollicis brevis, short flexor pollicis, consists of two heads. The superficial head starts from the retinaculum flexorum, lies along the ulnar edge of the thenar and, tapering, is attached to the radial sesamoid bone in the region of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The deep head starts from the ossa trapezium et trapezoideum and from the os capitatum and is attached with its main mass to the ulnar sesamoid bone and to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and by a thin fascicle to the radial sesamoid bone. The m. tendon passes through the groove formed between both heads of the muscle. flexor pollicis longus.

Function. Flexes the proximal phalanx of the thumb and partially opposes it. (Inn. superficial head C5-7 - N. medianus, deep head - C8 and Th2 N. ulnaris.)

3. M. opponens pollicis, opponens muscle, thumb, located along the radial edge of the thenar under m. abductor pollicis brevis. Starting from the retinaculum flexorum and from the tubercle os trapezium, it is attached to the radial edge of the first metacarpal bone.

Function. Opposes the thumb to the little finger, pulling its metacarpal bone towards the palm. (Inn. C5-8 - N. medianus.)

4. M. adductor pollicis, adductor pollicis muscle, lies in the depths of the palm. Starting from the third metacarpal bone, it passes forward of the second metacarpal bone and attaches to the ulnar sesamoid bone and to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Function. Adducts and partially opposes the thumb. (Inn. C8 and Th2, N. ulnaris.)

Hypothenar muscles

1. M. palmaris brevis, short palmaris muscle, located superficially under the skin. It starts from the palmar aponeurosis and ends in the skin on the ulnar edge of the palm.

Function. Stretches the palmar aponeurosis. (Inn. C8 - Thv N. ulnaris.)

2. M. adductor digiti minimi, muscle that abducts the little finger, lies superficially along the ulnar edge of the hypothenar. Starts from retinaculum flexorum and os pisiforme; attaches to the ulnar edge of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger.

Function. Retracts his little finger. (Inn. C7 and Th2 N. ulnaris.)

3. M. flexor digiti minimi brevis, short flexor of the little finger, lies along the radial edge of the previous muscle. Originating from the retinaculum flexorum and from the hook os hamatum, it is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.

Function. Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. (Inn. C7-Th1 N. ulnaris.)

4. M. opponens digiti minimi, muscle that opposes the little finger to the thumb, almost completely covered by the previous two muscles. Originates from the retinaculum flexorum and from the hook os hamatum; attaches along the ulnar edge of the fifth metacarpal bone.

Function. Pulls the little finger towards the thumb (opposition). (Inn. C7 - Th1 N. ulnaris.)

Muscles of the palmar cavity

1. Mm. lumbricales, worm-shaped muscles, four narrow muscle bundles located between the tendons of the deep flexor digitorum, from which they originate. Heading towards the fingers, the lumbrical muscles bend around the heads of the metacarpal bones from the radial side and are attached on the back of the proximal phalanx to the tendon stretch of the common extensor digitorum.

Function. The muscles flex the proximal and straighten the middle and distal phalanges of the I-V fingers. (Inn. C8-Th1; two radials - from n. medianus, two ulnas - from n. ulnaris.)

2. Mm. interossei, interosseous muscles, occupy the spaces between the metacarpal bones and are divided into palmar and dorsal. (Inn. n. ulnaris.)

Carrying out mainly finger abduction and adduction function towards the midline, they naturally cluster around the middle finger. So, three palmar, mm. interossei palmares, being adductors, are located in a direction diverging from the midline, i.e., from the third metacarpal bone, and therefore are attached to the dorsal tendon extension m. extensor digitorum on fingers II, IV and V.

The first finger is driven by its own m. adductor poinds, as if replacing the fourth palmar interosseous muscle. Four rear mm. interossei dorsales, being abductors, are located in a direction converging to the III metacarpal bone and are attached to the II, III and IV fingers. The marginal fingers (I and V) have their own abductors.

All interosseous muscles, in addition, flex the proximal phalanx and extend the middle and distal ones like lumbricals. Thus, each phalanx of each finger has one or even two separate muscles that cause it to move; for example, the proximal phalanx of each of the II-V fingers is bent mm. lumbricales and interossei palmares, middle - m. flexor digitorum superficidlis and distal - m. flexor digitorum profundus.

This functional individuality of muscles and their tendons is less pronounced in monkeys than in humans.

Video lesson anatomy of hand muscles