Brief history of the Winter Olympics. Origins of the Winter Olympics
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World complex competitions in winter sports, held since 1924 by the International Olympic Committee in the Year Olympic Games(in 1940, 1944 did not take place). Year and place of the Winter Olympic Games: I 1924 (Chamonix, France); II and V… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Venues for the Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games are the largest international winter sports competitions held once every 4 years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. The Winter Olympics have begun ... ... Wikipedia
Winter Olympic Games- žiemos olimpinės žaidynės statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Žiemos sporto šakų žaidynės, rengiamos TOK kas 4 metai, lyginiais tarp vasaros olimpinių žaidynių metais. Sprendimą rengti žiemos olimpines žaidynes TOK priėmė 1925 m … Sporto terminų žodynas
The largest international complex competitions in winter sports (See Winter sports). Z. O. and. are held once every four years in the year of the Olympic Games (See Olympic Games). The first Z. O. and. were held in 1924 in Chamonix ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
World complex competitions in winter sports, held since 1924 by the International Olympic Committee in 1924 92 in the year of the Olympic Games (in 1940, 1944 did not take place); since 1994 in the middle of the Olympic cycle. Year and place of the Winter ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Winter Olympic Games - … Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language
- (English 2022 Winter Olympics, French Jeux Olympiques d'hiver de 2022, official name XXIV Winter Olympic Games) The 24th Winter Olympic Games, which will be held in early 2022. Official applications for the Games ... ... Wikipedia
The years were originally to take place from 3 to 12 February 1940 in Sapporo, Japan. After Japan refused to host the games, the IOC moved the planned games to St. Moritz in July 1937, but later due to disagreements with the Swiss committee ... ... Wikipedia
This article or section contains information about an upcoming sporting event that will take place in 1 year 1 month 16 days. With the start of the event, the content of the article may change ... Wikipedia
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- White games are classified as secret. USSR and Winter Olympic Games 1956-1988 , N. Tomilina, Mikhail Prozumenshchikov, I. Kazarina, N. Pereudina, S. Borak. Sport in the twentieth century was an integral part of world politics, which had an ever-increasing influence on it and actively intervened in the conduct of competitions. During the Cold War...
- White Games classified as secret of the USSR and the Winter Olympic Games 1956-1988, Aroyan E. (ed.). Sport in the twentieth century was an integral part of world politics, which had an ever-increasing influence on it and actively intervened in the conduct of competitions. During the Cold War...
MOSCOW, February 9 - RIA Novosti. The XXIII Winter Olympic Games will start in Pyeongchang (South Korea) on Friday and will last until February 25.
Below is background information on the history of the Winter Games.
The Winter Olympic Games are complex winter sports competitions held by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) once every four years.
First time winter sports figure skating) appeared at the 1908 Games in London. The issue of holding the Winter Olympic Games was discussed at the IOC session in Budapest in 1911. It was proposed to organize a special Winter Sports Week within the framework of the next Olympic Games in Stockholm, but the organizers of the Games opposed such a proposal. The program of the Summer Games in Antwerp (1920) included figure skating and ice hockey.
I Winter Olympic Games were held from January 25 to February 5, 1924 in Chamonix (France). Their program included cross-country skiing (18 and 50 km races, ski jumping, biathlon), speed skating (distances of 500, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m), figure skating (single male and female, pair skating), and also hockey and bobsleigh. In addition, demonstration competitions were held - military patrol ski races and curling matches. In total, 16 sets of medals were played, for which 258 athletes from 16 countries competed. In the medal standings (hereinafter - the team standings by the number of gold medals) won the Norwegian team, which won 17 awards: 4 gold, 7 silver and 6 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the Finnish team - 11 awards (4 gold and silver, 3 bronze medals each), the third - the Austrian team (2-1-0). The Games in Chamonix were originally called "Winter Sports Week" and did not have the status of an Olympic Games. Following their success, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Olympics regularly (every four years), and the Chamonix competitions were given the official status of the first Olympic Winter Games.
The II Winter Olympic Games were held in St. Moritz (Switzerland) from February 11 to 19, 1928. 464 athletes from 25 countries took part in the Games, 14 sets of medals were awarded. Skeleton entered the program for the first time. For the first time, athletes from Asia - Japanese athletes - participated in the competition. In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Norwegian team - 15 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 5 bronze), the second place was taken by the US team, which won 6 medals (2 gold, silver and bronze each), the third place was taken by the Swedish team with 5 medals ( 2 gold and silver, 1 bronze).
The III Winter Olympic Games were held in the American Lake Placid from February 4 to February 15, 1932. 252 athletes from 17 countries participated in them, 14 sets of awards were played. At these competitions, for the only time in the history of the Olympic Games, speed skating races were held according to the rules adopted in the USA, that is, with a general start. In the medal standings, the USA team won the first place - 12 awards (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals), the Norwegian team was the second - 10 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze medals), the Swedish team took the third place - 3 awards (1 gold, 2 silver medals).
IV Winter Olympic Games were held in German Garmisch-Partenkirchen from 6 to 16 February 1936. 646 athletes from 28 countries participated, 17 sets of awards were played. The competition program included a ski relay race and competitions in a ski combination (downhill plus slalom). In the medal standings, the Norwegian team became the first - 15 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze), the German team took the second place - 6 awards (3 gold and silver each), the Swedish team was third - 7 awards (2 gold and silver each). and 3 bronze).
The 1940 Winter Olympics were originally supposed to be held from February 3 to 12 in Sapporo (Japan), but were canceled due to the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The Winter Games of 1944 were to be held in the Italian city of Cortina d'Ampezzo, but were also cancelled.
The V Winter Olympic Games were held in Swiss St. Moritz from January 30 to February 8, 1948 and received a special name - "Renaissance Games". 669 athletes from 28 countries participated, 22 sets of medals were played. Skeleton was again included in the program of the Games, which next appeared in it only in 2002. Athletes from Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate in the Games as representatives of the countries that unleashed the Second World War. In the medal standings, the first place was shared by the teams of Sweden and Norway - 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and bronze each). The second was the Swiss team, which also won 10 awards (3 gold and bronze and 4 silver medals each). Third place went to the US team - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VI Winter Olympic Games were held in Oslo (Norway) from February 14 to 25, 1952. 694 athletes from 30 countries participated, 22 sets of medals were played. For the first time, competitions were held among skiers (a race of 10 kilometers), and in alpine skiing competitions, the combination was replaced by a giant slalom. The hosts of the competition, the Norwegians again excelled in the medal standings, winning 16 awards (7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze). The second place was taken by the Americans - 11 medals (4 gold, 6 silver and 1 bronze). The third place was taken by the Finnish team - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VII Winter Olympic Games were held in the Italian Cortina d "Ampezzo from January 26 to February 5, 1956. 821 athletes from 32 countries participated, 24 sets of awards were played. The USSR team became the debutant of the Games. In the medal standings, she became the first, having won 16 awards ( 7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the Austrian team with 11 medals (4 gold and bronze, 3 silver each), the third place was taken by the Finnish team with 7 medals (3 gold and 3 silver, 1 bronze medal).
The VIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley (USA) from February 18 to 28, 1960. 665 athletes from 30 countries participated in the Games, 27 sets of medals were played. Biathlon, formerly known as ski patrol competitions, was officially included in the program of the Olympics; women competed in speed skating. Due to the lack of a track, bobsleigh left the program of the Games for the first time. The USSR team won the medal standings, winning 21 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze medals). The second place was taken by the united German team - 8 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medal). The USA team was third with 10 awards (3 gold and bronze medals each and 4 silver medals).
The IX Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from January 29 to February 9, 1964. 1091 athletes from 36 countries took part in them, 34 sets of medals were played. Mongolia, India and India took part in the Olympics for the first time. North Korea. The USSR team won the medal standings - 25 awards (11 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze medals). The second was the Austrian team - 12 awards (4 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the third - the Norwegian team with 15 awards (3 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals each).
The 10th Winter Olympic Games were held in French Grenoble from 6 to 18 February 1968. 1158 athletes from 37 countries participated, 35 sets of awards were played. For the first time, medals featured a pictogram for each sport. In addition, the Games had their own mascot, but it was unofficial. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the Norwegian team - 14 awards (6 gold and silver medals, 2 bronze), the USSR team was in second place with 13 awards (5 gold and silver medals, 3 bronze), the third was the French team - 9 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XI Winter Olympic Games were held in Sapporo (Japan) from February 3 to 13, 1972. 1006 athletes from 35 countries participated in the Games, 35 sets of medals were played. For the first time, the Winter Olympics took place on the Asian continent. In the medal standings, the first were the athletes of the USSR, who won 16 awards (8 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the second was the GDR team - 14 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 7 bronze medals). In third place is the Swiss team with 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and bronze medals each).
The XII Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from February 4 to 15, 1976. 1123 athletes from 37 countries took part in the competition, 37 sets of medals were played. Initially, the XII Winter Olympic Games were to be held in Denver (USA), but the inhabitants of the city voted in a referendum against the construction of Olympic facilities for environmental reasons. As a result, the competition was moved to Innsbruck. At this Olympics, ice dancing was included in the program. For the first time, the organizers chose the official mascot of the Games, it was a snowman. The first in the medal standings was again the USSR team, which won 27 awards (13 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the GDR team - 19 awards (7 gold and bronze, 5 silver medals each). Third place went to the US team, which won 10 medals (3 gold and 3 silver, 4 bronze).
The XIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lake Placid (USA) from February 13 to 24, 1980. 1072 athletes from 37 countries participated in them, 38 sets of awards were played. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, artificial snow was used. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the USSR team, which won 22 awards (10 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals each). The second place belongs to the GDR team - 23 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and bronze medals each). Third place went to the USA team with 12 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XIV Winter Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia, now the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina) from February 8 to 19, 1984. 1272 athletes from 49 countries participated in them, 39 sets of awards were played. In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the GDR team - 24 awards (9 gold and silver, 6 bronze medals), the second was the USSR team - 25 awards (6 gold, 10 silver, 9 bronze medals). The third place was taken by the US team - 8 awards (4 gold and 4 silver medals).
The XV Winter Olympic Games were held in Calgary (Canada) from February 13 to 28, 1988. 1423 athletes from 57 countries took part in the Games, 46 sets of awards were played. The competition program included super giant slalom, curling, freestyle, and speed skating. The first place in the medal standings was again taken by the USSR team, which won 29 medals (11 gold, 9 silver and bronze medals each), the GDR team was in second place - 25 awards (9 gold, 10 silver, 6 bronze). The third place was taken by Switzerland - 15 awards (5 gold, silver and bronze medals each).
The XVI Winter Olympic Games were held in Albertville (France) from 8 to 23 February 1992. 1801 athletes from 64 countries participated in them, 57 sets of awards were played. The Winter Games were last held in the same year as the Summer Games. Women's biathlon, short track and freestyle debuted in the program of the Games. The competition was attended by the United Team of Athletes of the Former Soviet Republics, performing under the Olympic flag ("Joint Team of Independent National Olympic Committees of Sovereign Countries"). For the first time since 1936, a unified German team participated in the Games. The German team won the medal standings with 26 medals (10 gold, 10 silver and 6 bronze medals). The second place was taken by the Joint Team - 23 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), the third place was taken by the Norwegian team, which won 20 medals (9 gold, 6 silver, 5 bronze).
The XVII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lillehammer (Norway) from February 12 to 27, 1994. 1737 athletes from 67 countries took part in the Games, 61 sets of awards were played. Due to the change in the schedule of the Olympic Games so that the Winter Games do not coincide with the Summer Games, the Games in Lillehammer were held two years after the Winter Olympics in Albertville. The Russian team won the medal standings - 23 medals (11 gold, 8 silver and 4 bronze medals). In second place is the Norwegian team - 26 awards (10 gold, 11 silver and 5 bronze medals). The third place was taken by the German team - 24 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and 8 bronze medals).
The XVIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Nagano (Japan) from February 7 to 22, 1998. 2176 athletes from 72 countries took part in them, 68 sets of awards were played. Snowboard made its debut in the program of the Games, medals were played for the first time in women's hockey. A high-profile event was the first visit to winter Olympics NHL players. For the first time, athletes from Azerbaijan, Venezuela, Kenya, Macedonia and Uruguay took part in the Winter Games. In the medal standings, the German team took the first place - 29 awards (12 gold, 9 silver and 8 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the Norwegian team - 25 awards (10 gold and silver and 5 bronze medals each). The third place was taken by the Russian team, which won 18 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 3 bronze medals).
XIX Winter Olympic Games were held from 8 to 24 February 2002 in Salt Lake City (USA). 2399 athletes from 77 countries took part in them, 78 sets of awards were played. The program of the Olympics included competitions in the women's bobsleigh in deuces, for the first time since 1928 the skeleton returned. In the medal standings, the Norwegian team took first place - 25 awards (13 gold, 5 silver and 7 bronze medals). In second place is the German team - 36 awards (12 gold, 16 silver, 8 bronze medals), the third place was taken by the US team - 34 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 11 bronze medals).
The XX Winter Olympic Games were held in Turin (Italy) from 10 to 26 February 2006. 2508 athletes from 80 countries competed at the Olympics. 84 sets of awards were played. For the first time, athletes from Albania, Madagascar and Ethiopia participated in the competition. For the first time, video broadcasts of the Games could be watched using mobile phones. The organizers built the highest bowl for the Olympic flame with a height of 57 meters. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the German team - 29 awards (11 gold, 12 silver and 6 bronze medals), the second was the US team - 25 awards (9 gold and silver, 7 bronze medals each). The Austrian team took the third position - 23 awards (9 gold and 7 silver and bronze medals each).
XXI Winter Olympic Games were held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. 2566 athletes from 82 countries took part in them, 86 sets of awards were played. The first place in the medal standings was taken by Canadian athletes - 26 awards (14 gold, 7 silver and 5 bronze medals), the German team took the second place - 30 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 7 bronze medals), the USA team took the third place - 37 awards (9 gold, 15 silver and 13 bronze medals).
The XXII Winter Olympic Games were held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi. 2780 athletes from 88 countries participated in the Games, 98 sets of awards were played. Athletes from Malta, Paraguay, East Timor, Togo, Tonga and Zimbabwe made their debut at the Olympics. For the first time, the competition began the day before the opening of the Olympics - February 6, 2014. These were qualifying starts in such sports as slopestyle in snowboarding, mogul in freestyle, team figure skating tournament. A number of sports were included in the Olympic program only in 2011, and if they were held after the opening of the Games, this could significantly disrupt the schedule.
In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Russian team - 33 awards (13 gold, 11 silver and 9 bronze medals). The second was Norway - 26 awards (11 gold, 5 silver and 10 bronze medals), the third place went to the Canadian team - 25 awards (10 gold, 10 silver and 5 bronze medals).
In 2016, the ex-head of the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory Grigory Rodchenkov, that at least 15 Russian medalists of the 2014 Olympics in Sochi were allegedly part of the "doping program" of the Russian Federation aimed at dominating the home Games.
Following an independent commission (WADA)-led investigation into doping in Russian sports, the IOC established two commissions. One of them - led by - double-checked doping tests from the Games in Sochi. The second commission, headed by the ex-president of Switzerland, checked the data on the possible interference of the authorities in the Russian anti-doping system.
As a result of the work of the Oswald Commission, 43 Russian athletes were banned from the Olympics for life, Russia lost 13 medals (4 gold, 8 silver and one bronze) and lost first place in the medal standings of the Games in Sochi.
On December 5, 2017, the IOC Executive Board made a decision on disqualification (ROC). Russian athletes were admitted to the 2018 Winter Games in PyeongChang in a neutral status - "Olympic athletes from Russia". The fate of each future Olympian was to be decided by an IOC commission led by Valerie Furneuron. It was she who was responsible for invitations to athletes to the Olympics, which were issued only after a thorough study of the doping "background".
On February 1, 2017 (CAS) satisfied the appeals of 28 Russian athletes against the decision (IOC), which suspended them for life from participation in the Olympics and annulled their results at the Sochi Games. As a result of the CAS decision, nine medals from the 2014 Olympics will be returned. Thus, the Russian team will have 11 gold, 9 silver and 9 bronze medals, Russia will return to first place in the medal standings.
Also, CAS partially granted the appeals of 11 more athletes. The court found that they were guilty of an anti-doping rule violation, but replaced the life ban from the Olympics with a ban only from the 2018 Games. At the same time, their results at the Sochi Olympics were cancelled. The cases of three biathletes -, and - will be considered later.
Reacting to the decision, he said he would carefully review the court's reasoning when available and "discuss next steps, including filing an appeal with the Swiss Federal Court." According to Swiss law, the IOC has the right to appeal to the Federal Court within 30 days after the publication of the reasoning part of the verdict. After this period, the CAS decision becomes effective.
MOSCOW, February 9 - RIA Novosti. The XXIII Winter Olympic Games will start in Pyeongchang (South Korea) on Friday and will last until February 25.
Below is background information on the history of the Winter Games.
The Winter Olympic Games are complex winter sports competitions held by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) once every four years.
For the first time winter sports (figure skating) appeared at the 1908 Games in London. The issue of holding the Winter Olympic Games was discussed at the IOC session in Budapest in 1911. It was proposed to organize a special Winter Sports Week within the framework of the next Olympic Games in Stockholm, but the organizers of the Games opposed such a proposal. The program of the Summer Games in Antwerp (1920) included figure skating and ice hockey.
I Winter Olympic Games were held from January 25 to February 5, 1924 in Chamonix (France). Their program included cross-country skiing (18 and 50 km races, ski jumping, biathlon), speed skating (distances of 500, 1500, 5000 and 10,000 m), figure skating (single male and female, pair skating), and also hockey and bobsleigh. In addition, demonstration competitions were held - military patrol ski races and curling matches. In total, 16 sets of medals were played, for which 258 athletes from 16 countries competed. In the medal standings (hereinafter - the team standings by the number of gold medals) won the Norwegian team, which won 17 awards: 4 gold, 7 silver and 6 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the Finnish team - 11 awards (4 gold and silver, 3 bronze medals each), the third - the Austrian team (2-1-0). The Games in Chamonix were originally called "Winter Sports Week" and did not have the status of an Olympic Games. Following their success, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Olympics regularly (every four years), and the Chamonix competitions were given the official status of the first Olympic Winter Games.
The II Winter Olympic Games were held in St. Moritz (Switzerland) from February 11 to 19, 1928. 464 athletes from 25 countries took part in the Games, 14 sets of medals were awarded. Skeleton entered the program for the first time. For the first time, athletes from Asia - Japanese athletes - participated in the competition. In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Norwegian team - 15 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 5 bronze), the second place was taken by the US team, which won 6 medals (2 gold, silver and bronze each), the third place was taken by the Swedish team with 5 medals ( 2 gold and silver, 1 bronze).
The III Winter Olympic Games were held in the American Lake Placid from February 4 to February 15, 1932. 252 athletes from 17 countries participated in them, 14 sets of awards were played. At these competitions, for the only time in the history of the Olympic Games, speed skating races were held according to the rules adopted in the USA, that is, with a general start. In the medal standings, the USA team won the first place - 12 awards (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals), the Norwegian team was the second - 10 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze medals), the Swedish team took the third place - 3 awards (1 gold, 2 silver medals).
IV Winter Olympic Games were held in German Garmisch-Partenkirchen from 6 to 16 February 1936. 646 athletes from 28 countries participated, 17 sets of awards were played. The competition program included a ski relay race and competitions in a ski combination (downhill plus slalom). In the medal standings, the Norwegian team became the first - 15 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze), the German team took the second place - 6 awards (3 gold and silver each), the Swedish team was third - 7 awards (2 gold and silver each). and 3 bronze).
The 1940 Winter Olympics were originally supposed to be held from February 3 to 12 in Sapporo (Japan), but were canceled due to the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The Winter Games of 1944 were to be held in the Italian city of Cortina d'Ampezzo, but were also cancelled.
The V Winter Olympic Games were held in Swiss St. Moritz from January 30 to February 8, 1948 and received a special name - "Renaissance Games". 669 athletes from 28 countries participated, 22 sets of medals were played. Skeleton was again included in the program of the Games, which next appeared in it only in 2002. Athletes from Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate in the Games as representatives of the countries that unleashed the Second World War. In the medal standings, the first place was shared by the teams of Sweden and Norway - 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and bronze each). The second was the Swiss team, which also won 10 awards (3 gold and bronze and 4 silver medals each). Third place went to the US team - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VI Winter Olympic Games were held in Oslo (Norway) from February 14 to 25, 1952. 694 athletes from 30 countries participated, 22 sets of medals were played. For the first time, competitions were held among skiers (a race of 10 kilometers), and in alpine skiing competitions, the combination was replaced by a giant slalom. The hosts of the competition, the Norwegians again excelled in the medal standings, winning 16 awards (7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze). The second place was taken by the Americans - 11 medals (4 gold, 6 silver and 1 bronze). The third place was taken by the Finnish team - 9 awards (3 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The VII Winter Olympic Games were held in the Italian Cortina d "Ampezzo from January 26 to February 5, 1956. 821 athletes from 32 countries participated, 24 sets of awards were played. The USSR team became the debutant of the Games. In the medal standings, she became the first, having won 16 awards ( 7 gold, 3 silver and 6 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the Austrian team with 11 medals (4 gold and bronze, 3 silver each), the third place was taken by the Finnish team with 7 medals (3 gold and 3 silver, 1 bronze medal).
The VIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley (USA) from February 18 to 28, 1960. 665 athletes from 30 countries participated in the Games, 27 sets of medals were played. Biathlon, formerly known as ski patrol competitions, was officially included in the program of the Olympics; women competed in speed skating. Due to the lack of a track, bobsleigh left the program of the Games for the first time. The USSR team won the medal standings, winning 21 awards (7 gold, 5 silver and 9 bronze medals). The second place was taken by the united German team - 8 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medal). The USA team was third with 10 awards (3 gold and bronze medals each and 4 silver medals).
The IX Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from January 29 to February 9, 1964. 1091 athletes from 36 countries took part in them, 34 sets of medals were played. Mongolia, India and North Korea took part in the Olympics for the first time. The USSR team won the medal standings - 25 awards (11 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze medals). The second was the Austrian team - 12 awards (4 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the third - the Norwegian team with 15 awards (3 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals each).
The 10th Winter Olympic Games were held in French Grenoble from 6 to 18 February 1968. 1158 athletes from 37 countries participated, 35 sets of awards were played. For the first time, medals featured a pictogram for each sport. In addition, the Games had their own mascot, but it was unofficial. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the Norwegian team - 14 awards (6 gold and silver medals, 2 bronze), the USSR team was in second place with 13 awards (5 gold and silver medals, 3 bronze), the third was the French team - 9 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XI Winter Olympic Games were held in Sapporo (Japan) from February 3 to 13, 1972. 1006 athletes from 35 countries participated in the Games, 35 sets of medals were played. For the first time, the Winter Olympics took place on the Asian continent. In the medal standings, the first were the athletes of the USSR, who won 16 awards (8 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze medals), the second was the GDR team - 14 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and 7 bronze medals). In third place is the Swiss team with 10 awards (4 gold, 3 silver and bronze medals each).
The XII Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck (Austria) from February 4 to 15, 1976. 1123 athletes from 37 countries took part in the competition, 37 sets of medals were played. Initially, the XII Winter Olympic Games were to be held in Denver (USA), but the inhabitants of the city voted in a referendum against the construction of Olympic facilities for environmental reasons. As a result, the competition was moved to Innsbruck. At this Olympics, ice dancing was included in the program. For the first time, the organizers chose the official mascot of the Games, it was a snowman. The first in the medal standings was again the USSR team, which won 27 awards (13 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the GDR team - 19 awards (7 gold and bronze, 5 silver medals each). Third place went to the US team, which won 10 medals (3 gold and 3 silver, 4 bronze).
The XIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lake Placid (USA) from February 13 to 24, 1980. 1072 athletes from 37 countries participated in them, 38 sets of awards were played. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, artificial snow was used. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the USSR team, which won 22 awards (10 gold, 6 silver and bronze medals each). The second place belongs to the GDR team - 23 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and bronze medals each). Third place went to the USA team with 12 medals (6 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals).
The XIV Winter Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia, now the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina) from February 8 to 19, 1984. 1272 athletes from 49 countries participated in them, 39 sets of awards were played. In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the GDR team - 24 awards (9 gold and silver, 6 bronze medals), the second was the USSR team - 25 awards (6 gold, 10 silver, 9 bronze medals). The third place was taken by the US team - 8 awards (4 gold and 4 silver medals).
The XV Winter Olympic Games were held in Calgary (Canada) from February 13 to 28, 1988. 1423 athletes from 57 countries took part in the Games, 46 sets of awards were played. The competition program included super giant slalom, curling, freestyle, and speed skating. The first place in the medal standings was again taken by the USSR team, which won 29 medals (11 gold, 9 silver and bronze medals each), the GDR team was in second place - 25 awards (9 gold, 10 silver, 6 bronze). The third place was taken by Switzerland - 15 awards (5 gold, silver and bronze medals each).
The XVI Winter Olympic Games were held in Albertville (France) from 8 to 23 February 1992. 1801 athletes from 64 countries participated in them, 57 sets of awards were played. The Winter Games were last held in the same year as the Summer Games. Women's biathlon, short track and freestyle debuted in the program of the Games. The competition was attended by the United Team of Athletes of the Former Soviet Republics, performing under the Olympic flag ("Joint Team of Independent National Olympic Committees of Sovereign Countries"). For the first time since 1936, a unified German team participated in the Games. The German team won the medal standings with 26 medals (10 gold, 10 silver and 6 bronze medals). The second place was taken by the Joint Team - 23 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 8 bronze medals), the third place was taken by the Norwegian team, which won 20 medals (9 gold, 6 silver, 5 bronze).
The XVII Winter Olympic Games were held in Lillehammer (Norway) from February 12 to 27, 1994. 1737 athletes from 67 countries took part in the Games, 61 sets of awards were played. Due to the change in the schedule of the Olympic Games so that the Winter Games do not coincide with the Summer Games, the Games in Lillehammer were held two years after the Winter Olympics in Albertville. The Russian team won the medal standings - 23 medals (11 gold, 8 silver and 4 bronze medals). In second place is the Norwegian team - 26 awards (10 gold, 11 silver and 5 bronze medals). The third place was taken by the German team - 24 awards (9 gold, 7 silver and 8 bronze medals).
The XVIII Winter Olympic Games were held in Nagano (Japan) from February 7 to 22, 1998. 2176 athletes from 72 countries took part in them, 68 sets of awards were played. Snowboard made its debut in the program of the Games, medals were played for the first time in women's hockey. A high-profile event was the first arrival at the Winter Olympics of players from the NHL. For the first time, athletes from Azerbaijan, Venezuela, Kenya, Macedonia and Uruguay took part in the Winter Games. In the medal standings, the German team took the first place - 29 awards (12 gold, 9 silver and 8 bronze medals), the second place was taken by the Norwegian team - 25 awards (10 gold and silver and 5 bronze medals each). The third place was taken by the Russian team, which won 18 awards (9 gold, 6 silver and 3 bronze medals).
XIX Winter Olympic Games were held from 8 to 24 February 2002 in Salt Lake City (USA). 2399 athletes from 77 countries took part in them, 78 sets of awards were played. The program of the Olympics included competitions in the women's bobsleigh in deuces, for the first time since 1928 the skeleton returned. In the medal standings, the Norwegian team took first place - 25 awards (13 gold, 5 silver and 7 bronze medals). In second place is the German team - 36 awards (12 gold, 16 silver, 8 bronze medals), the third place was taken by the US team - 34 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 11 bronze medals).
The XX Winter Olympic Games were held in Turin (Italy) from 10 to 26 February 2006. 2508 athletes from 80 countries competed at the Olympics. 84 sets of awards were played. For the first time, athletes from Albania, Madagascar and Ethiopia participated in the competition. For the first time, video broadcasts of the Games could be watched using mobile phones. The organizers built the highest bowl for the Olympic flame with a height of 57 meters. The first place in the medal standings was taken by the German team - 29 awards (11 gold, 12 silver and 6 bronze medals), the second was the US team - 25 awards (9 gold and silver, 7 bronze medals each). The Austrian team took the third position - 23 awards (9 gold and 7 silver and bronze medals each).
XXI Winter Olympic Games were held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. 2566 athletes from 82 countries took part in them, 86 sets of awards were played. The first place in the medal standings was taken by Canadian athletes - 26 awards (14 gold, 7 silver and 5 bronze medals), the German team took the second place - 30 awards (10 gold, 13 silver and 7 bronze medals), the USA team took the third place - 37 awards (9 gold, 15 silver and 13 bronze medals).
The XXII Winter Olympic Games were held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi. 2780 athletes from 88 countries participated in the Games, 98 sets of awards were played. Athletes from Malta, Paraguay, East Timor, Togo, Tonga and Zimbabwe made their debut at the Olympics. For the first time, the competition began the day before the opening of the Olympics - February 6, 2014. These were qualifying starts in such sports as slopestyle in snowboarding, mogul in freestyle, team figure skating tournament. A number of sports were included in the Olympic program only in 2011, and if they were held after the opening of the Games, this could significantly disrupt the schedule.
In the medal standings, the first place was taken by the Russian team - 33 awards (13 gold, 11 silver and 9 bronze medals). The second was Norway - 26 awards (11 gold, 5 silver and 10 bronze medals), the third place went to the Canadian team - 25 awards (10 gold, 10 silver and 5 bronze medals).
In 2016, the ex-head of the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory Grigory Rodchenkov, that at least 15 Russian medalists of the 2014 Olympics in Sochi were allegedly part of the "doping program" of the Russian Federation aimed at dominating the home Games.
Following an independent commission (WADA)-led investigation into doping in Russian sports, the IOC established two commissions. One of them - led by - double-checked doping tests from the Games in Sochi. The second commission, headed by the ex-president of Switzerland, checked the data on the possible interference of the authorities in the Russian anti-doping system.
As a result of the work of the Oswald Commission, 43 Russian athletes were banned from the Olympics for life, Russia lost 13 medals (4 gold, 8 silver and one bronze) and lost first place in the medal standings of the Games in Sochi.
On December 5, 2017, the IOC Executive Board made a decision on disqualification (ROC). Russian athletes were admitted to the 2018 Winter Games in PyeongChang in a neutral status - "Olympic athletes from Russia". The fate of each future Olympian was to be decided by an IOC commission led by Valerie Furneuron. It was she who was responsible for invitations to athletes to the Olympics, which were issued only after a thorough study of the doping "background".
On February 1, 2017 (CAS) satisfied the appeals of 28 Russian athletes against the decision (IOC), which suspended them for life from participation in the Olympics and annulled their results at the Sochi Games. As a result of the CAS decision, nine medals from the 2014 Olympics will be returned. Thus, the Russian team will have 11 gold, 9 silver and 9 bronze medals, Russia will return to first place in the medal standings.
Also, CAS partially granted the appeals of 11 more athletes. The court found that they were guilty of an anti-doping rule violation, but replaced the life ban from the Olympics with a ban only from the 2018 Games. At the same time, their results at the Sochi Olympics were cancelled. The cases of three biathletes -, and - will be considered later.
Reacting to the decision, he said he would carefully review the court's reasoning when available and "discuss next steps, including filing an appeal with the Swiss Federal Court." According to Swiss law, the IOC has the right to appeal to the Federal Court within 30 days after the publication of the reasoning part of the verdict. After this period, the CAS decision becomes effective.
Winter Olympic Games- world competitions in winter sports. Like the Summer Olympic Games, they are held under the auspices of the IOC (International Olympic Committee).
The first Winter Olympic Games took place in 1924. At first, the Winter and Summer Games were held in the same year, but since 1994, they have been held at intervals of two years. To date, the program of the Winter Olympic Games has significantly expanded, the number of participants has increased, among which there are many athletes from southern countries.
Winter sports were first introduced at the Olympics long not only before the first Winter Games, but even before the very idea of holding them. Thus, with the creation in 1894 of the International Olympic Committee, among other sports, it was proposed to include skating in the future Olympic program. However, there were no "ice" disciplines in the first three Olympics. They first appeared at the Games - 1908 in London: skaters competed in 4 types of programs.
Official debut. France. Chamonix. 1924
Saying that the White Games No. 1 took place in 1924 in Chamonix, historians are in conflict with jurisprudence. The fact is that what happened in the French Alps 80 years ago was officially called quite differently. "Week of winter sports dedicated to the upcoming Games of the VIII Olympiad in Paris"- this is how the competitions were called for a long time, for which 293 athletes from 16 countries gathered in January-February of the 24th year.
Today, there are 15 disciplines in the winter sports system:
- 1) Bobsleigh
- 2) Alpine skiing
- 3) Curling
- 4) Skating
- 5) Nordic combined
- 6) Cross-country skiing
- 7) Ski jumping
- 8) Luge
- 9) Skeleton
- 10) Snowboard
- 11) Figure Skating
- 12) Freestyle
- 13) Hockey
- 14) Short track
- 15) Biathlon
Interesting facts from the history of the Winter Olympic Games:
- v For the first time in the major international competitions competitions, reminiscent of modern biathlon, were included in 1924 at the 1st Winter Olympic Games in French Chamonix under the name "competitions of military patrols", and were held as demonstration competitions.
- v Until 1988, for nine consecutive Olympics, skiers competed in only three disciplines: downhill, slalom and giant slalom. In the future, there were five of them - the combination was returned to the program and a super giant was added.
- v The program of the Winter Olympic Games included speed skating for men from the very beginning - from 1924, and since 1960 competitions for women began to be held.
- v Note that Russian skiers have received permission from the government of our country to participate in the Winter Olympic Games since 1956. During the Iron Curtain period, Soviet athletes missed six Olympics.
- v In 1908 and 1920 competitions in figure skating took place at the Summer Olympics. Note that figure skating is the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic program. Since 1924, figure skating has been a constant presence at the Winter Olympics.
- v At the 1988 Olympic Games in Calgary, Canada, short track was presented as a demonstration sport. He was fully accepted into the Olympic family only in 1992 and since then has been an integral part of the white Olympics.
OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES, complex winter sports competitions held by the IOC 1 time in 4 years. The decision to hold independent Olympic Winter Games on a regular basis was made in 1925 at the IOC Session in Prague. This was facilitated by the success of world competitions in winter sports - the International Sports Week on the occasion of the VIII Olympiad (1924, Chamonix, France), to which the IOC assigned the name "I Olympic Winter Games"; the term "Olympics" is not accepted in connection with the Olympic Winter Games, but the name "White Olympics" is sometimes used in sports and popular literature. Until 1992, the Olympic Winter Games were held in the year of the Summer Olympic Games, since 1994 - in the middle of the Olympic cycle. In the program of 7 Olympic sports .
In 1924-2014, 22 Olympic Winter Games were held - in the USA (4), France (3), Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Japan, Italy, Canada (2 each), Germany, Yugoslavia, Russia (1 each). Most often, the capitals of the Olympic Winter Games were St. Moritz, Lake Placid and Innsbruck (2 times each). In 1968 at the Olympic winter games The first Olympic mascot appeared in Grenoble. The same ceremonies are held at the Olympic Winter Games as at the Summer Games. Olympic Games, lighting the Olympic flame, raising the Olympic flag (with the same emblem), opening and closing parades, awarding Olympic champions and prize-winners, etc. Olympic records are registered only in speed skating. The list of statesmen and crowned persons who officially opened them testifies to the high prestige of the competitions: Chamonix, 1924 - Gaston Vidal (Deputy Secretary of State of France); St. Moritz, 1928 - Edmund Schultes (President of Switzerland); Lake Placid, 1932 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Governor of New York, USA); Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1936 - Adolf Hitler (Reich Chancellor of Germany); St. Moritz, 1948 - Enrico Celio (President of Switzerland); Oslo, 1952 - Princess Ragnhild (Her Royal Highness of Norway); Cortina d "Ampezzo, 1956 - Giovanni Gronchi (President of Italy); Squaw Valley, 1960 - Richard Nixon (Vice President of the United States); Innsbruck, 1964 - Adolf Scherf (Federal President of Austria); Grenoble, 1968 - Charles de Gaulle (President France); Sapporo, 1972 - Hirohito (Emperor of Japan); Innsbruck, 1976 - Rudolf Kirschhagler (Federal President of Austria); Lake Placid, 1980 - Walter Mondale (U.S. Vice President); Sarajevo, 1984 - Mika Shpilyak (President of Yugoslavia) ; Calgary, 1988 - Jeanne Matilde Sauve (Governor General of Canada); Albertville, 1992 - Francois Mitterrand (President of France); Lillehammer, 1994 - Harald V (King of Norway); Nagano, 1998 - Akihito (Emperor of Japan); Salt Lake City, 2002 - George W. Bush (President of the United States), Turin, 2006 - Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (President of Italy), Vancouver, 2010 - Mikael Jean (Governor General of Canada), Sochi, 2014 - Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (President of Russia) In the entire history of the White Olympiads, women have opened them only twice (Oslo, 1952; Calgary, 1988).
The largest number of medals in the history of the Olympic Winter Games (as of January 1, 2018) was won by athletes of the national teams: Russia; Norway (22; 118, 111, 100); USA (22; 96, 102, 83); Germany; Sweden (22; 50, 40, 54); Finland (22; 42, 62, 57).
See table 1 for the dates and main totals of all Olympic Winter Games. See table 2 for the most Olympic medal winning athletes at the Olympic Winter Games. See table for athletes who have competed in 6 or more White Olympics. 3.
Table 1. The main results of the Olympic Winter Games (Chamonix, 1924 - Sochi, 2014)
| Olympic Winter Games | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Official name. Capital, dates. Main stadium. Games Mascots (since 1968) | Number of countries; athletes (including women); sets of medals played in sports | Most Successful Athletes (medals gold, silver, bronze) | Countries that have won the most medals (gold, silver, bronze) |
| I Olympic Winter Games. Chamonix, 25.1–5.2.1924. Olympic Stadium (45 thousand seats) | 16; 258 (11); 16 to 9 | K. Thunberg (Finland; 3, 1, 1); T. Haug (Norway; 3, 0, 0); Y. Skutnab (Finland; 1, 1, 1) | Norway (4, 7, 6); Finland (4, 4, 3); Austria (2, 1, 0); Switzerland (2, 0, 1); USA (1, 2, 1) |
| II Olympic Winter Games. St. Moritz, February 11–February 19, 1928. Badrutts Park | 25; 464 (26); 14 to 6 | K. Thunberg (Finland; 2, 0, 0); J. Gröttumsbroten (2, 0, 0) and B. Evensen (1, 1, 1; both - Norway) | Norway (6, 4, 5); USA (2, 2, 2); Sweden (2, 2, 1); Finland (2, 1, 1); France and Canada (1, 0, 0 each) |
| III Olympic Winter Games. Lake Placid, 4.2–15.2.1932. Olympic Stadium (7.5 thousand seats) | 17; 252 (21); 14 to 4 | J. Shea and I. Jeffy (2, 0, 0 each; both - USA) | USA (6, 4, 2); Norway (3, 4, 3); Sweden (1, 2, 0); Canada (1, 1, 5); Finland (1, 1, 1) |
| IV Olympic Winter Games. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, February 6–February 16, 1936. "Olympia-skistadion" ("Olympia-Skistadion"; 35 thousand seats) | 28; 646 (80); 17 to 4 | I. Ballangrud (3, 1, 0) and O. Hagen (1, 2, 0; both Norway); B. Vasenius (Finland; 0, 2, 1) | Norway (7, 5, 3); Germany (3, 3, 0); Sweden (2, 2, 3); Finland (1, 2, 3); Switzerland (1, 2, 0) |
| V Olympic Winter Games. St. Moritz, 30.1–8.2.1948. "Badruts Park" | 28; 669(77); 22 to 4 | A. Oreye (France; 2, 0, 1); M. Lundström (Sweden; 2, 0, 0) | Sweden (4, 3, 3); Norway (4, 3, 3); Switzerland (3, 4, 3); USA (3, 4, 2); France (2, 1, 2) |
| VI Olympic Winter Games. Oslo, 14.2–25.2.1952. "Bislett" ("Bislett"; St. 15 thousand seats) | 30; 694 (109); 22 at 6 | J. Andersen (Norway; 3, 0, 0); A. Mid-Laurence (USA; 2, 0, 0); L. Nieberl and A. Ostler (both - Germany; 2, 0, 0 each) | Norway (7, 3, 6); US (4, 6, 1); Finland (3, 4, 2); Germany (3, 2, 2); Austria (2, 4, 2) |
| VII Olympic Winter Games. Cortina d'Ampezzo, 26.1–5.2.1956. Olympic Stadium (12 thousand seats) | 32; 821 (134); 24 to 4 | A. Sailer (Austria; 3, 0, 0); E. R. Grishin (USSR; 2, 0, 0); S. Ernberg (Sweden; 1, 2, 1); V. Hakulinen (Finland; 1, 2, 0); P. K. Kolchin (USSR; 1, 0, 2) | USSR (7, 3, 6); Austria (4, 3, 4); Finland (3, 3, 1); Switzerland (3, 2, 1); Sweden (2, 4, 4) |
| VIII Olympic Winter Games. Squaw Valley, 18.2–28.2.1960. "Blyth Arena" ("Blyth Arena"; 8.5 thousand seats) | 30; 665 (144); 27 to 4 | L. P. Skoblikova and E. R. Grishin (both from the USSR; 2, 0, 0 each); V. Hakulinen (Finland; 1, 1, 1) | USSR (7, 5, 9); WGC* (4, 3, 1); USA (3, 4, 3); Norway (3, 3, 0); Sweden (3, 2, 2) |
| IX Olympic Winter Games. Innsbruck, 29.1–9.2.1964. "Bergisel" ("Bergisel"; up to 28 thousand seats) | 36; 1091 (199); 34 to 6 | L. P. Skoblikova (4, 0, 0) and K. S. Boyarskikh (3, 0, 0; both - USSR); E. Myanturanta (Finland; 2, 1, 0); S. Ernberg (Sweden; 2, 0, 1) | USSR (11, 8, 6); Austria (4, 5, 3); Norway (3, 6, 6); Finland (3, 4, 3); France (3, 4, 0) |
| X Olympic Winter Games. Grenoble, 6.2–18.2.1968. "Ledigier" ("Lesdiguie ̀ res"; approx. 12 thousand seats). Skier Schuss (unofficial) | 37; 1158 (211); 35 to 6 | J.C. Killy (France; 3, 0, 0); T. Gustafsson (Sweden; 2, 1.0) | Norway (6, 6, 2); USSR (5, 5, 3); France (4, 3, 2); Italy (4, 0, 0); Austria (3, 4, 4) |
| XI Olympic Winter Games. Sapporo, 3.2–13.2.1972. "Makomanai" (20 thousand seats) | 35; 1006 (205); 35 to 6 | G. A. Kulakova (USSR; 3, 0, 0); A. Schenk (Netherlands; 3, 0, 0); V. P. Vedenin (USSR; 2, 0, 1); M. T. Nadig (Switzerland; 2, 0, 0) | USSR (8, 5, 3); GDR (4, 3, 7); Switzerland (4, 3, 3); Netherlands (4, 3, 2); USA (3, 2, 3) |
| XII Olympic Winter Games. Innsbruck, 4.2–15.2.1976. Bergisel (up to 28 thousand seats). Snowman Olympiamandle | 37; 1123 (231); 37 at 6 | T. B. Averina (USSR; 2, 0, 2); R. Mittermeier (Germany; 2, 1, 0); N. K. Kruglov (USSR; 2, 0, 0); B. Germeshausen and M. Nemer (both - GDR; 2, 0, 0 each) | USSR (13, 6, 8); GDR (7, 5, 7); USA (3, 3, 4); Norway (3, 3, 1); Germany (2, 5, 3) |
| XIII Olympic Winter Games. Lake Placid, 13.2–24.2.1980. "Lake Placid Equestrian Stadium" ("Lake Placid Equestrian Stadium"; hippodrome; 30 thousand seats). Raccoon Roni | 37; 1072 (232); 38 to 6 | E. Hayden (USA; 5, 0, 0); N. S. Zimyatov (USSR; 3, 0, 0); H. Wenzel (Liechtenstein; 2, 1, 0); A. N. Alyabiev (USSR; 2, 0, 1) | USSR (10, 6, 6); GDR (9, 7, 7); USA (6, 4, 2); Austria (3, 2, 2); Sweden (3, 0, 1) |
| XIV Olympic Winter Games. Sarajevo, 8.2–19.2.1984. "Koševo" ("Koš evo"; 37.5 thousand seats). Wolf cub Vuchko | 49; 1272(274); 39 at 6 | M. L. Hämäläinen (Finland; 3, 0, 1); K. Enke (GDR; 2, 2, 0); G. Swan (Sweden; 2, 1, 1); G. Boucher (Canada; 2, 0, 1) | GDR (9, 9, 6); USSR (6, 10, 9); USA (4, 4, 0); Finland (4, 3, 6); Sweden (4, 2, 2) |
| XV Olympic Winter Games. Calgary, 13.2-28.2.1988. "McMahon" ("McMahon"; 35.6 thousand seats). White bear cubs Heidi and Howdy | 57; 1423 (301); 46 to 6 | I. van Gennip (Netherlands; 3, 0, 0); M. Nyukyanen (Finland; 3, 0, 0); T. I. Tikhonova (USSR; 2, 1, 0) | USSR (11, 9, 9); GDR (9, 10, 6); Switzerland (5, 5, 5); Finland (4, 1, 2); Sweden (4, 0, 2) |
| XVI Olympic Winter Games. Albertville, 8.2-23.2.1992. "Theatre de Seremonies" ("Thé atre des Cérémonies"; 35 thousand seats). Mountain Elf Magik | 64; 1801 (488); 57 at 7 | L. I. Egorova (OK**; 3, 2, 0); B. Delhi and V. Ulvang (both from Norway; 3, 1, 0 each); M. Kirchner and G. Niemann (both from Germany; 2, 1, 0 each) | Germany (10, 10, 6); OK** (9, 6, 8); Norway (9, 6, 5); Austria (6, 7, 8); USA (5, 4, 2) |
| XVII Olympic Winter Games. Lillehammer, 12.2–27.2.1994. "Lysgårdsbakken" ("Lysgå rdsbakken"; 40 thousand seats). Folk dolls Haakon and Kristin | 67; 1737 (522); 61 to 6 | L. I. Egorova (Russia; 3, 1, 0); J. O. Koss (Norway; 3, 0, 0); M. Di Centa (Italy; 2, 2, 1) | Russia (11, 8, 4); Norway (10, 11, 5); Germany (9, 7, 8); Italy (7, 5, 8); US (6, 5, 2) |
| XVIII Olympic Winter Games. Nagano, 7.2–22.2.1998. Olympic Stadium (30 thousand seats). Owls Sukki, Nokki, Lekke, Zukki | 72; 2176 (787); 68 to 7 | L. E. Lazutina (Russia; 3, 1, 1); B. Delhi (Norway; 3, 1, 0); O. V. Danilova (Russia; 2, 1, 0); K. Funaki (Japan; 2, 1, 0) | Germany (12, 9, 8); Norway (10, 10, 5); Russia (9, 6, 3); Canada (6, 5, 4); USA (6, 3, 4) |
| XIX Olympic Winter Games. Salt Lake City, 8.2–24.2.2002. "Rice-Eccles" ("Rice-Eccles"; 45 thousand seats). Powder Hare, Copper Coyote, Cole Bear | 78; 2399 (886); 75 to 7 | O. E. Bjoerndalen (Norway; 4, 0, 0); J. Kostelich (Croatia; 3, 1, 0); S. Lajunen (Finland; 3, 0, 0) | Norway (13, 5, 7); Germany (12, 16, 8); US (10, 13, 11); Canada (7, 3, 7); Russia (5, 4, 4) |
| XX Olympic Winter Games. Turin, February 10–February 26, 2006. Olympic Stadium (28 thousand seats). Neve Snowball and Plic Ice Cube | 80; 2508 (960); 84 to 7 | Ahn Hyun-soo (3, 0, 1) and Chin Sung Yoo (3, 0, 0; both Republic of Korea); M. Grice (Germany; 3, 0, 0); F. Gottwald (Austria; 2, 1, 0) | Germany (11, 12, 6); USA (9, 9, 7); Austria (9, 7, 7); Russia (8, 6, 8); Canada (7, 10, 7) |
| XXI Olympic Winter Games. Vancouver, February 12–February 28, 2010. "BC Place" ("BC Place"; approx. 60 thousand seats). Miga killer whale, Kuatchi sea bear, Sumi hawk | 82; 2566 (1044); 86 to 7 | M. Bjørgen (Norway; 3, 1, 1); Wang Meng (China; 3, 0, 0); P. Nortug (2, 1, 1) and E. H. Svendsen (2, 1, 0; both from Norway); M. Neuner (Germany; 2, 1.0) | Canada (14, 7, 5); Germany (10, 13, 7); USA (9, 15, 13); Norway (9, 8, 6); Republic of Korea (6, 6, 2) |
| XXII Olympic Winter Games. Sochi, February 7–23, 2014. "Fisht" (40 thousand seats). White bear, Leopard, Bunny | 88; 2780 (1120); 98 at 7 | V. Ahn (Ahn Hyun-soo; Russia; 3, 0, 1); D. V. Domracheva (Belarus; 3, 0 , 0); M. Björgen (3, 0, 0); I. Wüst (Netherlands; 2, 3, 0); S. Kramer (Netherlands; 2, 1, 0); M. Fourcade (France; 2, 1, 0). | Russia (13, 11, 9); Norway (11, 5, 10); Canada (10, 10, 5); USA (9, 7, 12); Netherlands (8, 7, 9). |
* United German team.
** United team of the countries of the former USSR.
Table 2. Athletes with the most victories at the Olympic Winter Games (Chamonix, 1924 - Sochi, 2014).
| Athlete, a country | Kind of sport, years of participation | Medals | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| golden | silver | bronze | ||
| O. E. Bjoerndalen, Norway | Biathlon, 1998–2014 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
| B. Delhi, Norway | Ski race, 1992–1998 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| M. Björgen, Norway | Ski race, 2002–2014 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
| L. I. Egorova, Russia | Ski race, 1992–1994 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| W. Ahn (Ahn Hyun-soo)*, Russia | short track, 2006, 2014 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| L. P. Skoblikova, USSR | Skating, 1960–1964 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Pechstein, Germany | Skating, 1992–2006 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| L. E. Lazutina, Russia | Ski race, 1992–1998 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| K. Thunberg, Finland | Skating, 1924–1928 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| T. Alsgaard, Norway | Ski race, 1994–2002 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| B. Blair, USA | Skating, 1988–1994 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| E. Hayden, USA | Skating, 1980 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| R. P. Smetanina, USSR | Ski race, 1976–1992 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| S. Ernberg, Sweden | Ski race, 1956–1964 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| R. Gross, Germany | Biathlon, 1992–2006 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| I. Wust, Netherlands | Skating, 2006–2014 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| G. A. Kulakova, USSR | Ski race, 1972–1980 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Ch. A. Omodt, Norway | Skiing, 1992–2006 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| S. Fisher, Germany | Biathlon, 1994–2006 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| I. Ballangrud, Norway | Skating, 1928–1936 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| I. Kostelich, Croatia | Skiing, 2002–2006 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Wang Meng, China | short track, 2006–2010 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| G. Swann, Sweden | Ski race, 1984–1988 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| E. H. Svendsen, Norway | Biathlon, 2010–2014 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| E. R. Grishin, USSR | Skating, 1956–1964 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| J. O. Koss, Norway | Skating, 1992–1994 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| K. Kuske, Germany | Bobsled, 2002–2010 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| A. Lange, Germany | Bobsled, 2002–2010 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| M. Nyukyanen, Finland | Ski jumping, 1984–1988 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| N. S. Zimyatov, USSR | Ski race, 1980–1984 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| A. I. Tikhonov, USSR | Biathlon, 1968–1980 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Jung Lee Kyung (Chung Lee Kyung) The Republic of Korea | short track, 1994–1998 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| S. Amman, Switzerland | Ski jumping, 2002–2010 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Wassberg, Sweden | Ski race, 1980–1988 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
* In 2006 (Turin) he played for the national team of the Republic of Korea.
3 gold Olympic medals won at the Olympic Winter Games St. 50 athletes (as of January 1, 2018), including representatives of Russia (including the USSR): K. S. Boyarskikh, E. V. Vyalbe, N. V. Gavrylyuk, V. S. Davydov, V. G. Kuzkin , A. P. Ragulin , A. A. Reztsova , I. K. Rodnina , V. A. Tretyak , A. V. Firsov , A. V. Khomutov , Yu. A. Chepalova
Table 3. Athletes who have competed at 6 or more Olympic Winter Games (as of 1.1.2018)
| Athlete (year of birth), a country | Quantity | Kind of sport | Participation years | Medals | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golden | silver | bronze | ||||
| A. M. Demchenko (b. 1971), Russia | 7 | luge | 1992–2014 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| N. Kasai (b. 1972), Japan | 7 | Ski jumping | 1992–2014 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| C. Coates (b. 1946), Australia | 6 | Skating | 1968–1988 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M. L. Kirvesniemi (b. 1955), Finland | 6 | Ski race | 1976–1994 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| A. Eder (b. 1953), Austria | 6 | Biathlon | 1976–1994 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M. Dixon (b. 1962), UK | 6 | Cross-country skiing and biathlon | 1984–2002 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| I. Britsis (b. 1970), Latvia | 6 | Biathlon | 1992–2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M. Büchel (b. 1971), Liechtenstein | 6 | Skiing | 1992–2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A. Veerpalu (b. 1971), Estonia | 6 | Ski race | 1992–2010 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| A. Orlova (b. 1972), Latvia | 6 | luge | 1992–2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Radanova* (b. 1977), Bulgaria | 6 | Short trek; cycling | 1994–2010; 2004 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| C. Hughes* (b. 1972), Canada | 6 | Cycling; skating | 1996, 2000, 2012; 2002–2010 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| H. von Hohenlohe (b. 1959), Mexico | 6 | Skiing | 1984–94, 2010, 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Pechstein (b. 1972), Germany | 6 | Skating | 1992–2006, 2014 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| T. Selanne (b. 1970), Finland | 6 | Hockey | 1992, 1998–2014 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| J. Ahonen (b. 1977), Finland | 6 | Ski jumping | 1994–2014 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| O. E. Bjoerndalen (b. 1974), Norway | 6 | Biathlon | 1994–2014 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
| S. N. Dolidovich (b. 1973), Belarus | 6 | Ski race | 1994–2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Lodwick (b. 1976), USA | 6 | Nordic combined | 1994–2014 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Lee Kyu Hyuk (b. 1978), Republic of Korea | 6 | Skating | 1994–2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A. Zöggeler (b. 1974), Italy | 6 | luge | 1994–2014 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| M. Stecher (b. 1977), Austria | 6 | Nordic combined | 1994–2014 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| H. Wickenheiser* (b. 1978), Canada | 6 | Hockey; softball | 1998–2014; 2000 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| R. Helminen (b. 1964), Finland | 6 | Hockey | 1984–2002 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| E. Hunyadi (b. 1966), Hungary (1), Austria (5) | 6 | Skating | 1984–2002 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| G. Weissensteiner (b. 1969) | 6 | Luge and bobsleigh | 1988–2006 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| G. Hackl (b. 1966), Germany (1), Germany (5) | 6 | luge | 1988–2006 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| W. Huber (b. 1970), Italy | 6 | luge | 1988–2006 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| S. V. Chepikov (b. 1967), Russia | 6 | Biathlon, cross-country skiing | 1988–2006 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| K. Neumanova* (b. 1973), Czechoslovakia, (1), Czech Republic (5) | 6 | Ski race; mountain bike | 1992–2006; 1996 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
* The athlete also competed at the Olympic Games.
